Porous Carbon Grain from Coconut Shell Biochar for Permeable Composite Paver

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Research Center of Polymer Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency of Republic Indonesia

2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang, Indonesia

3 Department of Civil Engineering, Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang, Indonesia

10.22059/jufgnsm.2025.01.03

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the world's largest producers of agricultural commodities and waste. The abundance of agricultural waste releases CO2 into the atmosphere and contributes to global warming and climate change. Carbon sequestration is one of the applicable and low-cost technologies to achieve sustainability and net zero emissions. Here, we studied the coconut shell biochar as a composite material for a permeable paving block as an alternative to carbon sequestration. The novelty of this study elaborates on the direct connection between coconut-shell biochar, pyrolysis temperature, and its application as the paving block based on its chemical and physical properties. The pyrolysis temperature of the coconut shell biochar was varied at 400°C and 500°C to obtain biochar with the highest porosity. Biochar pyrolyzed at 500°C possesses the highest porosity with the surface-active area of 32,565 m2/g. Composite pavers were fabricated by mixing the water, fine aggregates, Portland cement, and varied percentages of the ball-milled biochar pyrolyzed at 500°C. The increasing percentage of biochar increases water permeability. Inversely, the increase in biochar percentage reduces the compressive strength. The results show that B20% which consists of 20% biochar is adequate to be utilized as a grade B paving block based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 03-0691-1996. At B20%, the compression strength is 24.7 MPa and the water permeability is 6%.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials
Volume 58, Issue 1
June 2025
Pages 25-32

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History

  • Receive Date: 17 January 2025
  • Revise Date: 05 March 2025
  • Accept Date: 10 April 2025

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