Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials

Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials

Microstructure and mechanical properties in dissimilar friction stir welding of 316 stainless steel to 4140 steel

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Ali Malekan 1
Mehdi Malekan 2
Nasrollah Banimostafa Arab 1
Hossein Bayat Tork 1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Lavizan.
2 School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.
10.22059/jufgnsm.2023.02.03
Abstract
In the current study, 316 stainless steel and 4140 steel sheets were successfully joined using friction stir butt welding (FSBW). The tool's rotational speed and the linear welding speed were assumed to be 1400-1700 rpm and 30-50 mm/min, respectively. The weld microstructures were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this welding, three zones with different structures relative to the base metals, including thermomechanical zones for each base metal and stir zone, were formed. Observations indicated that in the microstructure of 4140 steel containing martensite, the martensite blades vanished, and the grains extended in the thermomechanical zone. Furthermore, in the 316 stainless steel containing austenite, the austenite grain size was shrunk due to the dynamic recrystallization in the thermomechanical zone. Also, the microhardness test results showed that the stir zones have higher hardness than base metals in all specimens because of the dynamic recrystallization and fine-grained structure. Moreover, the 1550 rpm - 40 mm/min welded specimen in the stir zone has the highest yield strength of 350 MPa in the tensile test, which was higher than the yield strength of 316 stainless steel.
Keywords
Friction stir welding
mechanical properties
microstructure
316 stainless steel
4140 steel

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Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials
Volume 56, Issue 2
December 2023
Pages 147-156

  • Receive Date 30 July 2023
  • Revise Date 04 December 2023
  • Accept Date 04 December 2023