ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries: A Review
Electrochemical energy storage systems are categorized into different types, according to their mechanisms, including capacitors, supercapacitors, batteries and fuel cells. All battery systems include some main components: anode, cathode, an aqueous/non-aqueous electrolyte and a membrane that separates anode and cathode while being permeable to ions. Being one of the key parts of any new electronic device or electric vehicles, lithium ion batteries have gained great attention in recent years. Lithium ion batteries store/provide energy by insertion/extraction of lithium ions in/from the structure of the electrode materials in successive charge/discharge cycles. The energy and power densities, determine the batteries performance. In order to improve the energy/power density and cyclic life of a lithium ion battery, its electrode materials and electrolyte must be properly chosen. Cathode materials store energy through intercalation or conversion reactions, while the energy storage mechanism in anode materials are intercalation, conversion reactions or alloying/dealloying. Depending on the electrode material, one or more of the aforementioned mechanisms may take place which directly affect the battery performance. Each group of electrode materials have their own advantages and shortcomings; therefore, proper selection of the electrode material is an important issue in applicability of a lithium ion battery. This review covers the principles of energy storage in lithium ion batteries, anode and cathode materials and the related mechanisms, recent advancements and finally the challenges associated with enhancement of lithium ion batteries.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_65962_e2ac924572aef78efb17de9faa5e4bbe.pdf
2018-06-01
1
12
10.22059/jufgnsm.2018.01.01
Lithium ion batteries
Anode
Cathode
Mechanism
Performance
Elham
Kamali-Heidari
elhamkamali@um.ac.ir
1
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ata
Kamyabi-Gol
kamyabig@um.ac.ir
2
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Heydarzadeh sohi
mhsohi@ut.ac.ir
3
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abolghasem
Ataie
aataie@ut.ac.ir
4
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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63
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of processing parameters on the mechano-chemical synthesis of nano crystalline Mo-Cu/Al2O3 composite
In this study, molybdenum-copper/alumina nano composite was synthesized with mechano-chemical method using high energy planetary ball milling. The molybdenum oxide, copper oxide and aluminum powder were used as starting materials and reaction appeared to occur through a rapid combustion reaction process. The evaluation of powder particles after different milling times was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric (DTA/TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results show that with increasing milling time at ambient temperature the peak intensities of powders decreases and significant peak broadening due to decrease in the size of crystallites observed. As a result, after 100 h milling time a molybdenum-copper/alumina metal matrix nanocomposite was formed which matrix had a crystallite size of about 42 nm for cu, calculated from Williamson-Hall equation. In fact by increasing the milling time after reduction of metal oxides, molybdenum dissolves in copper matrix and supersaturated Cu(Mo) solid solution with a homogenous distribution of nano-sized Al2O3 as reinforcement materials was formed. The thermal analysis curves of 10 minutes milled sample shows some peaks related to reduction of copper and molybdenum oxide with aluminum. In addition the small endothermic peak at 650 °C observed from DTA curve is due to the melting of remaining Al.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_65963_dfd6ddc740c4762235836081ad485d96.pdf
2018-06-01
13
19
10.22059/jufgnsm.2018.01.02
Ball milling
Mo-Cu/Al2O3
Nano-composite
Shiva
Morady
shiva.moradik2@gmail.com
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Talafi Noghani
noghani@eng.ikiu.ac.ir
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Morteza
Saghafi Yazdi
saghafiyazdi@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Heidarpour A, Karimzadeh F, Enayati MH. In situ synthesis mechanism of Al2O3–Mo nanocomposite by ball milling process. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2009;477(1-2):692-5.
1
2. Nawa M, Sekino T, Niihara K. Fabrication and mechanical behaviour of Al2O3/Mo nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Science. 1994;29(12):3185-92.
2
3. Martínez VdP, Aguilar C, Marín J, Ordoñez S, Castro F. Mechanical alloying of Cu–Mo powder mixtures and thermodynamic study of solubility. Materials Letters. 2007;61(4-5):929-33.
3
4. Sabooni S, Mousavi T, Karimzadeh F. Mechanochemical assisted synthesis of Cu(Mo)/Al2O3 nanocomposite. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2010;497(1-2):95-9.
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5. Aguilar C, Ordóñez S, Marín J, Castro F, Martínez V. Study and methods of analysis of mechanically alloyed Cu–Mo powders. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2007;464(1-2):288-94.
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6. Sabooni S, Mousavi T, Karimzadeh F. Thermodynamic analysis and characterisation of nanostructured Cu(Mo) compounds prepared by mechanical alloying and subsequent sintering. Powder Metallurgy. 2012;55(3):222-7.
6
7. Dolatmoradi A, Raygan S, Abdizadeh H. Mechanochemical synthesis of W–Cu nanocomposites via in-situ co-reduction of the oxides. Powder Technology. 2013;233:208-14.
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8. Ying DY, Zhang DL. Processing of Cu–Al2O3 metal matrix nanocomposite materials by using high energy ball milling. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2000;286(1):152-6.
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9. Aboraia MS, Abdalla GA, and Wasly HS. Synthesis and characterization of Al–Al2O3 and Al/(Al2O3-ZrO2) nanocomposites using high-energy milling. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications. 2013;3:2248-9622.
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10. Sheibani S, Khakbiz M, Omidi M. In situ preparation of Cu–MnO nanocomposite powder through mechanochemical synthesis. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2009;477(1-2):683-7.
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11. Venugopal T, Rao KP, Murty BS. Synthesis of copper–alumina nanocomposite by reactive milling. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2005;393(1-2):382-6.
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12. Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials, Fifth Edition. CRC Press; 2008.
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13. Suryanarayana C. Mechanical alloying and milling. Progress in Materials Science. 2001;46(1-2):1-184.
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14. Matteazzi P, Caer GL. Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Alumina-Metal Composites by Room-Temperature Ball-Milling of Metal Oxides and Aluminum. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 1992;75(10):2749-55.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Microstructural refining during friction stir processing of SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel
Friction stir processing (FSP) was conducted on a SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel at advancing speed of 50 mm/min and rotational speed of 400 rpm. Characterization of evolved material was studied using electron microscopy equipped with electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) system. The results indicated that the severe plastic deformation and the heat generated during the FSP developed a very fine microstructure in the stir zone (SZ). It was found that the finest grains with average grain size less than 1 µm were formed in the bottom of the SZ where the material was more likely to receive the lowest temperature in both constituent phases of ferrite and austenite. Therefore, it can be inferred that the material in the bottom of the SZ was less affected from the heat generated by the shoulder. The presence of such severe deformation along with the elevated temperature during the welding procedure inside the SZ activates the occurrence of continuous dynamic recrystallization mechanism throughout the material which seems to be responsible for grain refinement. Moreover, 111 and 110 pole figures of both constituent phases demonstrated that the rotating tool broke the initial microstructure, modified the pre-existence rolling texture of the starting material, and introduced simple shear texture components into the SZ.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_65964_09e30281ba8acda20cc85591ea4460bd.pdf
2018-06-01
20
25
10.22059/jufgnsm.2018.01.03
Stainless Steels
Ferrite
Austenite
Shear Texture
Continuous Dynamic Recrystallization
Sajad
Emami
en.sajademami_64@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of materials engineering, sahand university of technology, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Tohid
Saeid
saeid@sut.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand university of technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rasoul
Azari Khosroshahi
rakhosroshahi@sut.ac.ir
3
Faculty of materials engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Mishra RS, Ma ZY. Friction stir welding and processing. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports. 2005;50(1-2):1-78.
1
2. Abbaschian R, Reed-Hill RE. Physical metallurgy principles. Cengage Learning; 2008 Dec 11.
2
3. Humphreys FJ, Hatherly M. Recrystallization Textures. Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena: Elsevier; 2004. p. 379-413.
3
4. Rezaei-Nejad SS, Abdollah-zadeh A, Hajian M, Kargar F, Seraj R. Formation of Nanostructure in AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel by Friction Stir Processing. Procedia Materials Science. 2015;11:397-402.
4
5. Azushima A, Kopp R, Korhonen A, Yang DY, Micari F, Lahoti GD, et al. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes for metals. CIRP Annals. 2008;57(2):716-35.
5
6. Paupler P. G. E. Dieter. Mechanical Metallurgy. 3rd ed., Mc Graw-Hill Book Co., New York 1986. XXIII + 751 p., DM 138.50, ISBN 0–07–016893–8. Crystal Research and Technology. 1988;23(2):194-.
6
7. Saeid T, Abdollah-zadeh A, Assadi H, Malek Ghaini F. Effect of friction stir welding speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a duplex stainless steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2008;496(1-2):262-8.
7
8. Mishra MK, Rao AG, Balasundar I, Kashyap BP, Prabhu N. On the microstructure evolution in friction stir processed 2507 super duplex stainless steel and its effect on tensile behaviour at ambient and elevated temperatures. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2018;719:82-92.
8
9. Xie GM, Cui HB, Luo ZA, Misra RDK, Wang GD. Microstructrual evolution and mechanical properties of the stir zone during friction stir processing a lean duplex stainless steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2017;704:311-21.
9
10. Saeid T, Abdollah-zadeh A, Shibayanagi T, Ikeuchi K, Assadi H. On the formation of grain structure during friction stir welding of duplex stainless steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2010;527(24-25):6484-8.
10
11. Santos TFdA, López EAT, Fonseca EBd, Ramirez AJ. Friction stir welding of duplex and superduplex stainless steels and some aspects of microstructural characterization and mechanical performance. Materials Research. 2016;19(1):117-31.
11
12. Mironov S, Sato YS, Kokawa H. Microstructural evolution during friction stir-processing of pure iron. Acta Materialia. 2008;56(11):2602-14.
12
13. Jorge-Badiola D, Iza-Mendia A, Gutiérrez I. Study by EBSD of the development of the substructure in a hot deformed 304 stainless steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2005;394(1-2):445-54.
13
14. Sato YS, Nelson TW, Sterling CJ. Recrystallization in type 304L stainless steel during friction stirring. Acta Materialia. 2005;53(3):637-45.
14
15. Suwas S, Ray RK, Crystallographic Texture of Materials, Springer; 2009.
15
16. Sato YS, Nelson TW, Sterling CJ, Steel RJ, Pettersson CO. Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2005;397(1-2):376-84.
16
17. Fonda RW, Knipling KE. Texture development in friction stir welds. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining. 2011;16(4):288-94.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of fuel content on structural and magnetic properties of solution combusted Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 powders
Single phase Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 powders were synthesized by solution combustion method. The solution combustion method relies on the exothermic self-sustained reactions in reactive solution containing of oxidizers and organic fuels. In this work, the effects of various amounts of glycine as fuel on the powder characteristics were investigated. The structure, cation distribution, microstructure, magnetic and microwave absorption properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques. The cation distributions determined by Bertaut method in which the observed reflection intensities compared with the calculated ones for supposed crystal structures. The Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 exhibited partially inverse structure in which Zn preferentially occupied tetrahedral (A) sites. The as-combusted Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 powders showed spongy structure due to the liberation a large amount of gaseous products. However, the porosity decrease with the increase of fuel content due to the increase of adiabatic combustion temperature. The saturation magnetization of the as-combusted Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 powders increased from 43 to 69 emu/g with the increase of from 0.5 to 1 and then slightly decreases to 67 emu/g for =1.5. The highest saturation magnetization (69 emu/g) for =1 was attributed to the highest crystallite size and crystallinity. The coercivity also increased from 27 to 67 Oe with fuel content.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_65965_6ee63bf4d73dea4abcd064c1f69b34c1.pdf
2018-06-01
26
31
10.22059/jufgnsm.2018.01.04
Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4
Solution Combustion Synthesis
Fuel
Magnetic properties
Mohammad
Naserifar
mnaserifar@yahoo.com
1
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology
AUTHOR
Seyyed Morteza
Msoudpanah
masoodpanah@iust.ac.ir
2
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
Somaye
Alamolhoda
alamolhoda@iust.ac.ir
3
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology
AUTHOR
1. Penchal Reddy M, Mohamed AMA, Venkata Ramana M, Zhou XB, Huang Q. Spark plasma sintering and microwave electromagnetic properties of MnFe2O4 ceramics. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2015;395:185-9.
1
2. Duan L, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang F, Wang L. Mesoporous MFe2O4 (M=Mn, Co, and Ni) for anode materials of lithium-ion batteries: Synthesis and electrochemical properties. Materials Research Bulletin. 2015;61:195-200.
2
3. Valenzuela R. Magnetic ceramics: Cambridge University Press; 1994.
3
4. Ghazanfar U, Siddiqi SA, Abbas G. Structural analysis of the Mn–Zn ferrites using XRD technique. Materials Science and Engineering: B. 2005;118(1-3):84-6.
4
5. Gajbhiye NS, Balaji G. Synthesis, reactivity, and cations inversion studies of nanocrystalline MnFe2O4 particles. Thermochimica Acta. 2002;385(1-2):143-51.
5
6. Goldman A. Modern ferrite technology. Springer Science & Business Media; 2006 Sep 28.
6
7. Masoudi MT, Saidi A, Hashim M, Hajalilou A. Comparison of structure and magnetic properties of Mn–Zn ferrite mechanochemically synthesized under argon and oxygen atmospheres. Canadian Journal of Physics. 2015;93(10):1168-73.
7
8. Akhtar MJ, Younas M. Structural and transport properties of nanocrystalline MnFe2O4 synthesized by co-precipitation method. Solid State Sciences. 2012;14(10):1536-42.
8
9. Meng YY, Liu ZW, Dai HC, Yu HY, Zeng DC, Shukla S, et al. Structure and magnetic properties of Mn(Zn)Fe2−xRExO4 ferrite nano-powders synthesized by co-precipitation and refluxing method. Powder Technology. 2012;229:270-5.
9
10. Li J, Yuan H, Li G, Liu Y, Leng J. Cation distribution dependence of magnetic properties of sol–gel prepared MnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2010;322(21):3396-400.
10
11. Seyyed Ebrahimi SA, Masoudpanah SM, Amiri H, Yousefzadeh M. Magnetic properties of MnZn ferrite nanoparticles obtained by SHS and sol-gel autocombustion techniques. Ceramics International. 2014;40(5):6713-8.
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17. Lazarova T, Georgieva M, Tzankov D, Voykova D, Aleksandrov L, Cherkezova-Zheleva Z, et al. Influence of the type of fuel used for the solution combustion synthesis on the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of nanosized NiFe 2 O 4. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2017;700:272-83.
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19. Pourgolmohammad B, Masoudpanah SM, Aboutalebi MR. Effects of the fuel type and fuel content on the specific surface area and magnetic properties of solution combusted CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. Ceramics International. 2017;43(11):8262-8.
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28
29. Pourgolmohammad B, Masoudpanah SM, Aboutalebi MR. Synthesis of CoFe 2 O 4 powders with high surface area by solution combustion method: Effect of fuel content and cobalt precursor. Ceramics International. 2017;43(4):3797-803.
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33. Zheng ZG, Zhong XC, Zhang YH, Yu HY, Zeng DC. Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline ZnxMn1−xFe2O4 prepared by ball milling. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2008;466(1-2):377-82.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and characterization of porous zinc oxide nano-flakes film in alkaline media
In this study, porous zinc oxide nano-flakes were successfully synthesized by anodization method on zinc substrate in a 0.025 M NaOH and 0.05 M NH4Cl solution with the voltage of 10 V at room temperature. The field emission scanning electron microscopy’s (FESEM) images show the structural evolution during 90 min of the anodization process. They also demonstrate the dependency of growth of ZnO flakes on the grains of the zinc substrate. Regarding FESEM images and possible chemical reactions taking place during the anodization process, a growth mechanism and sequences for the formation of ZnO have proposed. The Pourbaix diagram also confirmed this possible mechanism. The elemental and phase analysis conducted on films proved the formation of the ZnO after the anodization process. The cyclic voltammetry showed the oxidation of zinc into zinc oxide is related to the -1.28 V peak and the peak of zinc oxide reduction is situated at -1.48 V. The band gap of anodized zinc foil was calculated to be 3.24 eV. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized thin films also was studied and the ImageJ software analysis showed a strong correlation between the photocatalytic activity and the portion of porosity in the synthesized films.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_65966_85ecbb7c602691a84457544976623826.pdf
2018-06-01
32
42
10.22059/jufgnsm.2018.01.05
Porous Oxide
Anodization
Electrochemical Synthesis
Photocatalytic Activity
Band Gap
Arsalan
Ravanbakhsh
a.ravanbakhsh@ut.ac.ir
1
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fereshteh
Rashchi
rashchi@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Heydarzadeh sohi
mhsohi@ut.ac.ir
3
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Rasoul
Khayyam Nekouei
r.nekouei@student.unsw.edu.au
4
School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
AUTHOR
Mohammadreza
Mortazavi Samarin
reza.mortazavi@ut.ac.ir
5
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Look DC, Claflin B, Alivov YI, Park SJ. The future of ZnO light emitters. physica status solidi (a). 2004;201(10):2203-12.
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6. Di Paola A, García-López E, Marcì G, Palmisano L. A survey of photocatalytic materials for environmental remediation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2012;211-212:3-29.
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18. Peulon S. Mechanistic Study of Cathodic Electrodeposition of Zinc Oxide and Zinc Hydroxychloride Films from Oxygenated Aqueous Zinc Chloride Solutions. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 1998;145(3):864.
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19. Yang P, Yan H, Mao S, Russo R, Johnson J, Saykally R, et al. Controlled Growth of ZnO Nanowires and Their Optical Properties. Advanced Functional Materials. 2002;12(5):323.
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20. Ellmer K, Wendt R. D.c. and r.f. (reactive) magnetron sputtering of ZnO:Al films from metallic and ceramic targets: a comparative study. Surface and Coatings Technology. 1997;93(1):21-6.
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21. Kaneva N, Stambolova I, Blaskov V, Dimitriev Y, Vassilev S, Dushkin C. Photocatalytic activity of nanostructured ZnO films prepared by two different methods for the photoinitiated decolorization of malachite green. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2010;500(2):252-8.
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22. Goux A, Pauporté T, Chivot J, Lincot D. Temperature effects on ZnO electrodeposition. Electrochimica Acta. 2005;50(11):2239-48.
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23. Goh HS, Adnan R, Farrukh MA. ZnO nanoflake arrays prepared via anodization and their performance in the photodegradation of methyl orange. Turkish Journal of Chemistry. 2011 Jun 7;35(3):375-91.
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24. Wang H-J, Sun Y-Y, Cao Y, Yu X-H, Ji X-M, Yang L. Porous zinc oxide films: Controlled synthesis, cytotoxicity and photocatalytic activity. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2011;178:8-14.
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26. Voon CH, Lim BY, Hashim U, Md Arshad MK, Sam ST, Foo KL, et al. Effect of Temperature of Distilled Water on the Morphology of Nanoporous Zinc Oxide Synthesized by Anodizing. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2015;754-755:1131-5.
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27. Xiao F-X, Zeng Z, Liu B. Bridging the Gap: Electron Relay and Plasmonic Sensitization of Metal Nanocrystals for Metal Clusters. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2015;137(33):10735-44.
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28. Xiao F. Self-assembly preparation of gold nanoparticles-TiO2 nanotube arrays binary hybrid nanocomposites for photocatalytic applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2012;22(16):7819.
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29. Xiao F. An efficient layer-by-layer self-assembly of metal-TiO2 nanoring/nanotube heterostructures, M/T-NRNT (M = Au, Ag, Pt), for versatile catalytic applications. Chemical Communications. 2012;48(52):6538.
29
30. Xiao F. Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Construction of Highly Ordered Metal-TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Heterostructures (M/TNTs, M = Au, Ag, Pt) with Tunable Catalytic Activities. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2012;116(31):16487-98.
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32. Liu R, Yang W-D, Qiang L-S, Wu J-F. Fabrication of TiO2 nanotube arrays by electrochemical anodization in an NH4F/H3PO4 electrolyte. Thin Solid Films. 2011;519(19):6459-66.
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33. Basu PK, Saha N, Maji S, Saha H, Basu S. Nanoporous ZnO thin films deposited by electrochemical anodization: effect of UV light. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 2008;19(6):493-9.
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34. Gilani S, Ghorbanpour M, Parchehbaf Jadid A. Antibacterial activity of ZnO films prepared by anodizing. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry. 2016;6(2):183-9.
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35. Huang M-C, Wang T, Wu B-J, Lin J-C, Wu C-C. Anodized ZnO nanostructures for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Applied Surface Science. 2016;360:442-50.
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41
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47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and neural network in predicting the size of monodisperse silica and process optimization via simulated annealing algorithm
In this study, Back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) methods were applied to estimate the particle size of silica prepared by sol-gel technique. Simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) employed to determine the optimum practical parameters of the silica production. Accordingly, the process parameters, i.e. tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), H2O and NH3 were introduced to BPNN and ANFIS methods. Average mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and correlation relation (R) indexes were chosen as criteria to estimate the simulation error. Comparison of proposed optimum condition and the experimental data reveal that the ANFIS/SAA strategies are powerful techniques to find the optimal practical conditions with the minimum particles size of silica prepared by sol-gel technique and the accuracy of ANFIS model was higher than the results of ANN. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was employed to determine the effect of each practical parameter on the size of silica nano particles. The results showed that the water content and TEOS have the maximum and minimum effect on the particle size of silica, respectively. Since, water acts as diluent and synthesis of monodisperse silica in diluent solution will decrease the growth probability of nucleate, leading to a the lower silica particle size.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_65967_61b7444f1638f328322261b8af69de37.pdf
2018-06-01
43
52
10.22059/jufgnsm.01.06
Silica Particle
Fuzzy inference system
Simulated Annealing
Artificial Neural Network
Process Parameters, Sol-Gel Methods
Mehrdad
Mahdavi jafari
mahdavi2189@yahoo.com
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Gholam
Khayati
khayatireza@gmail.com
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Mansouri I, Kisi O. Prediction of debonding strength for masonry elements retrofitted with FRP composites using neuro fuzzy and neural network approaches. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2015;70:247-55.
1
2. Vassilopoulos AP, Bedi R. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system in modelling fatigue life of multidirectional composite laminates. Computational Materials Science. 2008;43(4):1086-93.
2
3. Mansouri I, Shariati M, Safa M, Ibrahim Z, Tahir MM, Petković D. Analysis of influential factors for predicting the shear strength of a V-shaped angle shear connector in composite beams using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy technique. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing. 2017.
3
4. Xia Y, Gates B, Yin Y, Lu Y. Monodispersed Colloidal Spheres: Old Materials with New Applications. Advanced Materials. 2000;12(10):693-713.
4
5. Boehm H-P. The Chemistry of Silica. Solubility, Polymerization, Colloid and Surface Properties, and Biochemistry. VonR. K. Iler. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester 1979. XXIV, 886 S., geb. £ 39.50. Angewandte Chemie. 1980;92(4):328-.
5
6. Stöber W, Fink A, Bohn E. Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 1968;26(1):62-9.
6
7. Mozaffari S, Li W, Thompson C, Ivanov S, Seifert S, Lee B, et al. Colloidal nanoparticle size control: experimental and kinetic modeling investigation of the ligand–metal binding role in controlling the nucleation and growth kinetics. Nanoscale. 2017;9(36):13772-85.
7
8. Mozaffari S, Tchoukov P, Mozaffari A, Atias J, Czarnecki J, Nazemifard N. Capillary driven flow in nanochannels – Application to heavy oil rheology studies. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2017;513:178-87.
8
9. Mozaffari S, Tchoukov P, Atias J, Czarnecki J, Nazemifard N. Effect of Asphaltene Aggregation on Rheological Properties of Diluted Athabasca Bitumen. Energy & Fuels. 2015;29(9):5595-9.
9
10. Reza Khayati G, Dalvand H, Darezereshki E, Irannejad A. A facile method to synthesis of CdO nanoparticles from spent Ni–Cd batteries. Materials Letters. 2014;115:272-4.
10
11. Dalvand H, Reza Khayati G, Darezereshki E, Irannejad A. A facile fabrication of NiO nanoparticles from spent Ni–Cd batteries. Materials Letters. 2014;130:54-6.
11
12. Hoshyar R, Khayati GR, Poorgholami M, Kaykhaii M. A novel green one-step synthesis of gold nanoparticles using crocin and their anti-cancer activities. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 2016;159:237-42.
12
13. Bogush GH, Tracy MA, Zukoski CF. Preparation of monodisperse silica particles: Control of size and mass fraction. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 1988;104(1):95-106.
13
14. Mansouri I, Gholampour A, Kisi O, Ozbakkaloglu T. Evaluation of peak and residual conditions of actively confined concrete using neuro-fuzzy and neural computing techniques. Neural Computing and Applications. 2016;29(3):873-88.
14
15. Lin YC, Zhang J, Zhong J. Application of neural networks to predict the elevated temperature flow behavior of a low alloy steel. Computational Materials Science. 2008;43(4):752-8.
15
16. Mousavi Anijdan SH, Bahrami A. A new method in prediction of TCP phases formation in superalloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2005;396(1-2):138-42.
16
17. Artificial Neural Network Based Prediction Hardness of Al2024-Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composite Prepared by Mechanical Alloying. International Journal of Engineering. 2016;29(12).
17
18. Mansouri I, Ozbakkaloglu T, Kisi O, Xie T. Predicting behavior of FRP-confined concrete using neuro fuzzy, neural network, multivariate adaptive regression splines and M5 model tree techniques. Materials and Structures. 2016;49(10):4319-34.
18
19. Sargolzaei J, Ahangari B. Thermal Behavior Prediction of MDPE Nanocomposite/Cloisite Na[sup +] Using Artificial Neural Network and Neuro-Fuzzy Tools. Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine. 2010;1(4):041012.
19
20. Jorjani E, Chehreh Chelgani S, Mesroghli S. Application of artificial neural networks to predict chemical desulfurization of Tabas coal. Fuel. 2008;87(12):2727-34.
20
21. Modeling and Optimization of Roll-bonding Parameters for Bond Strength of Ti/Cu/Ti Clad Composites by Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm. International Journal of Engineering. 2017;30(12).
21
22. M. Mahdavi Jafari, S. Soroushian, G.R. Khayati, Hardness Optimization for Al6061-MWCNT Nanocomposite Prepared by Mechanical Alloying Using Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm, Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials (2017) ; 50(1):23-32.
22
23. Khalifehzadeh R, Forouzan S, Arami H, Sadrnezhaad SK. Prediction of the effect of vacuum sintering conditions on porosity and hardness of porous NiTi shape memory alloy using ANFIS. Computational Materials Science. 2007;40(3):359-65.
23
24. Buragohain M, Mahanta C. A novel approach for ANFIS modelling based on full factorial design. Applied Soft Computing. 2008;8(1):609-25.
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25. Mamdani EH, Assilian S. An experiment in linguistic synthesis with a fuzzy logic controller. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. 1975;7(1):1-13.
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26. Abraham A. Adaptation of Fuzzy Inference System Using Neural Learning. Fuzzy Systems Engineering: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2005. p. 53-83.
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27
28. Bard J. A Review of: “Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice, Third Edition”Singiresu S. Rao John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996, 903 pp., $95.00, ISBN 0471550345. IIE Transactions. 1997;29(9):802-3.
28
29. Zare M, Vahdati Khaki J. Prediction of mechanical properties of a warm compacted molybdenum prealloy using artificial neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy models. Materials & Design. 2012;38:26-31.
29
30. Satoh T, Akitaya M, Konno M, Saito S. Particle Size Distributions Produced by Hydrolysis and Condensation of Tetraethylorthosilicate. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN. 1997;30(4):759-62.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effective enhancement of electrochemical properties of LSM oxygen electrode in SOCs by LNO nano-catalyst infiltration
In this paper, the effects of infiltration of La2NiO4 (LNO) as a mixed ionic and electronic conductor (MIEC) on the electrochemical performance of porous strontium doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) oxygen electrode of solid oxide cells, in the temperature ranges of 650-850 °C, is reported. XRD and FE-SEM results of the LNO sample calcined at 900 °C confirmed the formation of single phase LNO nanoparticles and uniform distribution of LNO into the porous LSM backbone with a mean particle size of 40 nm, respectively. To characterize the electrochemical behavior of half-cells, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement at temperature intervals of 50 °C was carried out. The LNO infiltrated LSM electrodes showed a noticeably decreased activation energy (from 130 to 103 kJ mol-1) and polarization resistance (from 26.2 to 2.5 Ωcm2 at 650 °C) under open circuit voltage (OCV) condition. Besides, the equivalent circuit (EC) modeling revealed that LNO addition has a major effect on the low frequency arc, which is attributed to the surface exchange mechanisms. Decreased amounts of activation energy and polarization resistance of the infiltrated LSM electrode compared to those for the pure one suggest that introduction of LNO nano-particles to the microstructure of LSM is a promising approach to achieve better electrochemical performance even in the low temperature of 650°C.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_65968_2d95f812a26b04dea9a5cf5f1a136e00.pdf
2018-06-01
53
59
10.22059/jufgnsm.2018.01.07
La2NiO4
Solid Oxide Cell
LSM
Electro Catalyst
Infiltration
Zohreh
Akbari
zohreh.akbari@ut.ac.ir
1
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Babaei
alireza.babaei@ut.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abolghasem
Ataie
aataie@ut.ac.ir
3
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Jiang SP. Development of lanthanum strontium manganite perovskite cathode materials of solid oxide fuel cells: a review. Journal of Materials Science. 2008;43(21):6799-833.
1
2. Jiang SP. Challenges in the development of reversible solid oxide cell technologies: a mini review. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2016;11(3):386-91.
2
3. Rayment C, Sherwin S. Introduction to fuel cell technology. Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN. 2003 May 2;46556:11-2.
3
4. Perovskite Oxide for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Energy: Springer US; 2009.
4
5. Ni M, Leung M, Leung D. Technological development of hydrogen production by solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC). International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2008;33(9):2337-54.
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nano-Hybrids Based on Surface Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets and Carbon Nanotubes and a Regioregular Polythiophene
The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets were functionalized with 2-hydroxymethyl thiophene (CNT-f-COOTh) and 2-thiophene acetic acid (rGO-f-TAA) and grafted with poly(3-dodecylthiophene) (CNT-g-PDDT and rGO-g-PDDT) to manipulate the orientation and patterning of crystallized regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Distinct nano-hybrid structures including double-fibrillar (5.11−5.18 S/cm), shish-kebab (2.19−2.28 S/cm), and stem-leaf (6.96−7.51 S/cm) were developed using modified CNTs and P3HT. The most effective parameter on morphology of donor-acceptor supramolecules was the surface functionalization and grafting. The electrical conductivities of supramolecules based on P3HT and rGO, rGO-f-TAA, and rGO-g-PDDT ranged in 3.81−3.87, 3.91−3.95, and 10.67−10.70 S/cm, respectively. P3HT chains preferred to interact with their thiophene rings with bared rGO and CNT surfaces, resulting in a conventional face-on orientation. In P3HT/rGO-f-TAA and P3HT/CNT-f-COOTh supramolecular nanostructures patterned with P3HT, the orientation of P3HT chains changed from face-on to edge-on, originating from the strong interactions between the hexyl side chains of P3HTs and functional groups. Nano-hybrids based on grafted rGO demonstrated a patched-like morphology composed of flat-on P3HTs with main backbones perpendicular to the substrate. Based on the ultraviolet-visible and photoluminescence analyses, the flat-on orientation was the best for P3HT chains assembled onto CNT and rGO, which was acquired for CNT-g-PDDT and rGO-g-PDDT nano-hybrids.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_65969_1752fdceafd6045324fdbcae5c5c4eb9.pdf
2018-06-01
60
70
10.22059/jufgnsm.2018.01.08
Carbon Nanotube
Reduced Graphene Oxide, Orientation, Grafting, Functionalization, Nano-hybrid
Samira
Agbolaghi
s_agbolaghi@sut.ac.ir
1
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saleheh
Abbaspoor
sa_abbaspoor@sut.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Polymer Engineering and Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Magnificent Grain Refinement of Al-Mg2Si Composite by Hot Rolling
The effect of chemical composition and the hot rolling operations on the microstructure and mechanical properties of in situ aluminum matrix composite with Mg2Si phase as the reinforcement was studied. It was revealed that the modification by phosphorous results in the rounder (more spherical) primary and secondary (eutectic) magnesium silicide intermetallics. During hot rolling, the primary particles underwent mechanical fragmentation and the fragmented particles moved along the rolling direction. Moreover, the eutectic Mg2Si fragmented and uniformly dispersed in the microstructure. By increasing the reduction in thickness, it was almost impossible to distinguish primary particles from eutectic ones due to excessive fragmentation of particles. These observations were related to the brittleness of Mg2Si phase and the elongation of the matrix grains during rolling. The grain size of the matrix also changed due to the occurrence of recrystallization and the average grain size decreases from ~ 90 µm to 7 µm for the 98% rolled sample. The change in mechanical properties was related to the fragmentation of particles, destroying the eutectic network, magnificent grain refinement of the matrix, the retardation of recrystallization by the dispersed particles at grain boundaries of aluminum grains, and the fast cooling of thin sheets at high reductions in thickness.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_65970_858e08a492cd917c5101d14ed9bd1a3c.pdf
2018-06-01
71
76
10.22059/jufgnsm.2017.01.09
In situ composite
Hot rolling
Microstructure
Tensile properties
Rashadoddin
Zamani
rashad_zamani@ut.ac.ir
1
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamed
Mirzadeh
hmirzadeh@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Massoud
Emamy
emamy@ut.ac.ir
3
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Lloyd DJ. Particle reinforced aluminium and magnesium matrix composites. International Materials Reviews. 1994;39(1):1-23.
1
2. Pramod SL, Bakshi SR, Murty BS. Aluminum-Based Cast In Situ Composites: A Review. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2015;24(6):2185-207.
2
3. Qin QD, Zhao YG, Zhou W, Cong PJ. Effect of phosphorus on microstructure and growth manner of primary Mg2Si crystal in Mg2Si/Al composite. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2007;447(1-2):186-91.
3
4. Nasiri N, Emamy M, Malekan A, Norouzi MH. Microstructure and tensile properties of cast Al–15%Mg2Si composite: Effects of phosphorous addition and heat treatment. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2012;556:446-53.
4
5. Yeganeh SEV, Razaghian A, Emamy M. The influence of Cu–15P master alloy on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al–25wt% Mg2Si composite before and after hot-extrusion. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2013;566:1-7.
5
6. Razaghian A, Bahrami A, Emamy M. The influence of Li on the tensile properties of extruded in situ Al–15%Mg2Si composite. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2012;532:346-53.
6
7. Khorshidi R, Honarbakhsh Raouf A, Emamy M, Campbell J. The study of Li effect on the microstructure and tensile properties of cast Al–Mg2Si metal matrix composite. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2011;509(37):9026-33.
7
8. Emamy M, Jafari Nodooshan HR, Malekan A. The microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of Al–15%Mg2Si in situ composite with yttrium addition. Materials & Design. 2011;32(8-9):4559-66.
8
9. Khorshidi R, Honarbakhsh-Raouf A, Mahmudi R. Microstructural evolution and high temperature mechanical properties of cast Al–15Mg 2 Si– x Gd in situ composites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2017;700:18-28.
9
10. Zhang J, Fan Z, Wang YQ, Zhou BL. Microstructural development of Al–15wt.%Mg2Si in situ composite with mischmetal addition. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2000;281(1-2):104-12.
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11. Emamy M, Vaziri Yeganeh SE, Razaghian A, Tavighi K. Microstructures and tensile properties of hot-extruded Al matrix composites containing different amounts of Mg2Si. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2013;586:190-6.
11
12. Soltani N, Jafari Nodooshan HR, Bahrami A, Pech-Canul MI, Liu W, Wu G. Effect of hot extrusion on wear properties of Al–15wt.% Mg2Si in situ metal matrix composites. Materials & Design. 2014;53:774-81.
12
13. Emamy M, Khodadadi M, Honarbakhsh Raouf A, Nasiri N. The influence of Ni addition and hot-extrusion on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al–15%Mg2Si composite. Materials & Design. 2013;46:381-90.
13
14. Shafieizad AH, Zarei-Hanzaki A, Abedi HR, Al-Fadhalah KJ. The Mg2Si phase evolution during thermomechanical processing of in-situ aluminum matrix macro-composite. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2015;644:310-7.
14
15. Zhang Q, Liu X, Dai H. Re-formation of AlP compound in Al–Si melt. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2009;480(2):376-81.
15
16. Schmid EE, von Oldenburg K, Frommeyer G. Microstructure and properties of as-cast intermetallic Mg2Si-Al alloys. Zeitschrift für metallkunde. 1990;81(11):809-15.
16
17. Emamy M, Nemati N, Heidarzadeh A. The influence of Cu rich intermetallic phases on the microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of Al–15% Mg2Si composite. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2010;527(12):2998-3004.
17
18. Emamy M, Emami AR, Tavighi K. The effect of Cu addition and solution heat treatment on the microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of Al–15%Mg2Si–0.15%Li composite. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2013;576:36-44.
18
19. Zhang J, Fan Z, Wang YQ, Zhou BL. Equilibrium pseudobinary Al–Mg2Si phase diagram. Materials Science and Technology. 2001;17(5):494-6.
19
20. Krauss G. Steels: processing, structure, and performance. Asm International; 2015 Mar 1.
20
21. El-Sabbagh AM, Soliman M, Taha MA, Palkowski H. Effect of rolling and heat treatment on tensile behaviour of wrought Al-SiCp composites prepared by stir-casting. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2013;213(10):1669-81.
21
22. Humphreys FJ, Hatherly M. Recrystallization Textures. Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena: Elsevier; 2004. p. 379-413.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sol-gel synthesis of (Ca-Ba)TiO3 nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering
Piezoelectric materials are the group of smart materials which have been recently developed for biomedical applications, such as bone tissue engineering. These materials could provide electrical signals with no external source power making them effective for bone remodeling. Between various types of materials, BaTiO3 and CaTiO3 are nontoxic piezoelectric ceramics, which recently have been introduced for bone tissue engineering. It is expected that, the combination of these two ceramics could provide suitable piezoelectricity, bioactivity and biocompatibility for bone tissue engineering applications. The aim of this research is to synthesize (BaxCa1-x)TiO3 (x= 0, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9 and 1) nanopowder using sol-gel method. Moreover, the incorporation of Ca+2 ions in the structure of (BaxCa1-x)TiO3 nanoparticles was chemically, structurally and biologically studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies confirmed the role of substituted Ca content on the chemical properties and morphology of particles. Indeed, increasing the amounts of Ca+2 ions resulted in the reduced crystallite size. While incorporation of more than 20 at.% Ca resulted in the formation of a biphasic structure, monophasic solid solution without any secondary phase was detected at less Ca content. Moreover, SEM images revealed that Ca substitution reduced particle size from 70.5 ±12 nm to 52.4 ±9 nm, while the morphology of synthesized powders did not significacntly change. Furthermore, incorporation of upon 10 at.% Ca content within (BaxCa1-x)TiO3 significantly promoted MG63 proliferation compared to pure CaTiO3.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_65971_53b3c79909607ed85d1a2f8fd2000897.pdf
2018-06-01
77
83
10.22059/jufgnsm.2018.01.10
Piezoelectric
Bone Tissue Engineering
BaTiO3
CaTiO3
Sol-gel
Narges
Ahmadi Khoei
narcissus7293@gmail.com
1
Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahshid
kharaziha
kharaziha@cc.iut.ac.ir
2
Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sheyda
Labbaf
slabbaf8@gmail.com
3
Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Ribeiro C, Sencadas V, Correia DM, Lanceros-Méndez S. Piezoelectric polymers as biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2015;136:46-55.
1
2. Press Llc C. The Measurement, Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook on CD-ROM: CRC Press; 1999 1999/02/26.
2
3. Zanfir AV, Voicu G, Jinga SI, Vasile E, Ionita V. Low-temperature synthesis of BaTiO 3 nanopowders. Ceramics International. 2016;42(1):1672-8.
3
4. Ribeiro C, Pärssinen J, Sencadas V, Correia V, Miettinen S, Hytönen VP, et al. Dynamic piezoelectric stimulation enhances osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. 2014;103(6):2172-5.
4
5. Ribeiro C, Sencadas V, Correia DM, Lanceros-Méndez S. Piezoelectric polymers as biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2015;136:46-55.
5
6. Rajabi AH, Jaffe M, Arinzeh TL. Piezoelectric materials for tissue regeneration: A review. Acta Biomaterialia. 2015;24:12-23.
6
7. Zhang Y, Chen L, Zeng J, Zhou K, Zhang D. Aligned porous barium titanate/hydroxyapatite composites with high piezoelectric coefficients for bone tissue engineering. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2014;39:143-9.
7
8. Thuy Ba Linh N, Mondal D, Lee BT. In Vitro Study of CaTiO3–Hydroxyapatite Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering. ASAIO Journal. 2014;60(6):722-9.
8
9. Bagchi A, Meka SRK, Rao BN, Chatterjee K. Perovskite ceramic nanoparticles in polymer composites for augmenting bone tissue regeneration. Nanotechnology. 2014;25(48):485101.
9
10. Purwanto A, Hidayat D, Terashi Y, Okuyama K. Synthesis of Monophasic CaxBa(1−x)TiO3Nanoparticles with High Ca Content (x> 23%) and Their Photoluminescence Properties. Chemistry of Materials. 2008;20(24):7440-6.
10
11. Jayanthi S, Kutty TRN. Extended phase homogeneity and electrical properties of barium calcium titanate prepared by the wet chemical methods. Materials Science and Engineering: B. 2004;110(2):202-
11
12. Zhang W, Shen Z, Chen J. Preparation and characterization of nanosized barium calcium titanate crystallites by low temperature direct synthesis. Journal of materials science. 2006 Sep 1;41(17):5743-5.
12
13. Tikhonovsky A, Kim K, Lee SK, Nedoseykina T, Yang M, Song SA. Effect of Ca addition on Grain Size and Crystal Phase of Barium Titanate Nanopowders. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 2006;45(10A):8014-9.
13
14. Li L-Y, Tang X-G. Effect of electric field on the dielectric properties and ferroelectric phase transition of sol–gel derived (Ba0.90Ca0.10)TiO3 ceramics. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2009;115(2-3):507-11.
14
15. da Silva RS, Bernardi MIB, Hernandes AC. Synthesis of non-agglomerated Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3 nanopowders by a modified polymeric precursor method. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. 2007;42(2):173-9.
15
16. Ji B, Chen D, Jiao X, Zhao Z, Jiao Y. Preparation and electrical properties of nanoporous BaTiO3. Materials Letters. 2010;64(16):1836-8.
16
17. Singh B, Kumar S, Arya GS, Negi NS. Room temperature structural and electrical properties of barium calcium titanate (BCT) thin films. AIP Publishing LLC; 2015.
17
18. Monshi A, Foroughi MR, Monshi MR. Modified Scherrer Equation to Estimate More Accurately Nano-Crystallite Size Using XRD. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering. 2012;02(03):154-60.
18
19. Souza AE, Silva RA, Santos GTA, Moreira ML, Volanti DP, Teixeira SR, et al. Photoluminescence of barium–calcium titanates obtained by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method (MAH). Chemical Physics Letters. 2010;488(1-3):54-6.
19
20. Mitsui T, Westphal WB. Dielectric and X-Ray Studies ofCaxBa1−xTiO3andCaxSr1−xTiO3. Physical Review. 1961;124(5):1354-9.
20
21. Matsuura K, Hoshina T, Takeda H, Sakabe Y, Tsurumi T. Effects of Ca substitution on room temperature resistivity of donor-doped barium titanate based PTCR ceramics. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan. 2014;122(1426):402-5.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antibacterial activity of porous anodized copper
This study was carried out to synthesize 1D inorganic nanostructure using an electrochemical method without any template and additives. Copper foils were anodized in a KOH bath and were tested for their antibacterial performance. After anodizing, the obtained samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the corresponding morphology and crystal structure, respectively. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the samples against both E. coli and S. aureus was tested by agar diffusion test. The typical porous surfaces were realized in all samples. These micropores may be beneficial to cell attachment. The morphology of the anodized copper exhibited when the concentration of OH− kept on going up, micropores and simultaneously nanoparticles were formed on the surface. By increasing the concentration of KOH, the water contact angle with anodized Cu foil varied within the range of 65.4 to 89.7°. Parent copper foil did not show antibiotic activity. The anodized copper exhibited acceptable antibacterial activities. The antibacterial action was the same for anodized copper at different concentration of OH−, which had nothing to do with the concentration of KOH electrolyte. The obtained results indicated that the porous copper could be employed to improve antibacterial activities of pure copper to meet the needs of bioactive surfaces.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_65972_1c8f3da8166a13df2290a86234030189.pdf
2018-06-01
84
89
10.22059/jufgnsm.2017.01.11
Antibacterial
Anodizing
Porous
Copper
Mohammad
Ghorbanpour
ghorbanpour@uma.ac.ir
1
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Singh DP, Ali N. Synthesis of TiO2 and CuO Nanotubes and Nanowires. Science of Advanced Materials. 2010;2(3):295-335.
1
2. Allam NK, Grimes CA. Electrochemical fabrication of complex copper oxide nanoarchitectures via copper anodization in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. Materials Letters. 2011;65(12):1949-55.
2
3. Hyam RS, Lee J, Cho E, Khim J, Lee H. Synthesis of Copper Hydroxide and Oxide Nanostructures via Anodization Technique for Efficient Photocatalytic Application. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2012;12(11):8396-400.
3
4. Ghorbanpour M, Falamaki C. Micro energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence as a powerful complementary technique for the analysis of bimetallic Au/Ag/glass nanolayer composites used in surface plasmon resonance sensors. Applied Optics. 2012;51(32):7733.
4
5. Ghorbanpour M. Amine Accessibility and Chemical Stability of Silver SPR Chips Silanised with APTES via Vapour Phase Deposition Method. Journal of Physical Science. 2016;27(1):39.
5
6. Ghorbanpour M. Stability modification of SPR silver nano-chips by alkaline condensation of aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Journal of Nanostructures. 2015 Apr 1;5(2):105-10.
6
7. Gilani S, Ghorbanpour M, Parchehbaf Jadid A. Antibacterial activity of ZnO films prepared by anodizing. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry. 2016;6(2):183-9.
7
8. Pourabolghasem H, Ghorbanpour M, Shayegh R. Antibacterial Activity of Copper-doped Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Prepared by Alkaline Ion Exchange Method. Journal of Physical Science. 2016;27(2):1-12.
8
9. Payami R, Ghorbanpour M, Parchehbaf Jadid A. Antibacterial silver-doped bioactive silica gel production using molten salt method. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry. 2016;6(3):215-21.
9
10. Pouraboulghasem H, Ghorbanpour M, Shayegh R, Lotfiman S. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of alkaline ion-exchanged ZnO/bentonite nanocomposites. Journal of Central South University. 2016;23(4):787-92.
10
11. Top A, Ülkü S. Silver, zinc, and copper exchange in a Na-clinoptilolite and resulting effect on antibacterial activity. Applied Clay Science. 2004;27(1-2):13-9.
11
12. Stanić V, Dimitrijević S, Antić-Stanković J, Mitrić M, Jokić B, Plećaš IB, et al. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of copper and zinc-doped hydroxyapatite nanopowders. Applied Surface Science. 2010;256(20):6083-9.
12
13. La D-D, Nguyen TA, Lee S, Kim JW, Kim YS. A stable superhydrophobic and superoleophilic Cu mesh based on copper hydroxide nanoneedle arrays. Applied Surface Science. 2011;257(13):5705-10.
13
14. Wang Y, Jiang T, Meng D, Jin H, Yu M. Controllable fabrication of nanowire-like CuO film by anodization and its properties. Applied Surface Science. 2015;349:636-43.
14
15. Singh DP, Neti NR, Sinha ASK, Srivastava ON. Growth of Different Nanostructures of Cu2O (Nanothreads, Nanowires, and Nanocubes) by Simple Electrolysis Based Oxidation of Copper. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2007;111(4):1638-45.
15
16. Zhang Z, Wang P. Highly stable copper oxide composite as an effective photocathode for water splitting via a facile electrochemical synthesis strategy. J Mater Chem. 2012;22(6):2456-64.
16
17. Wang Y, Jiang T, Meng D, Jin H, Yu M. Controllable fabrication of nanowire-like CuO film by anodization and its properties. Applied Surface Science. 2015;349:636-43.
17
18. Wu H, Zhang X, Geng Z, Yin Y, Hang R, Huang X, et al. Preparation, antibacterial effects and corrosion resistant of porous Cu–TiO2 coatings. Applied Surface Science. 2014;308:43-9.
18
19. Ghorbanpour M, Falamaki C. A novel method for the fabrication of ATPES silanized SPR sensor chips: Exclusion of Cr or Ti intermediate layers and optimization of optical/adherence properties. Applied Surface Science. 2014;301:544-50.
19
20. Ghorbanpour M. Optimization of sensitivity and stability of gold/silver bi-layer thin films used in surface plasmon resonance chips. Journal of Nanostructures. 2013 Sep 1;3(3):309-13.
20
21. Li Y, Chang S, Liu X, Huang J, Yin J, Wang G, et al. Nanostructured CuO directly grown on copper foam and their supercapacitance performance. Electrochimica Acta. 2012;85:393-8.
21
22. Jiang W, He J, Xiao F, Yuan S, Lu H, Liang B. Preparation and Antiscaling Application of Superhydrophobic Anodized CuO Nanowire Surfaces. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2015;54(27):6874-83.
22
23. Xin Zhang Y, Li F, Huang M. One-step hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchical MnO2-coated CuO flower-like nanostructures with enhanced electrochemical properties for supercapacitor. Materials Letters. 2013;112:203-6.
23
24. Mageshwari K, Sathyamoorthy R. Flower-shaped CuO Nanostructures: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity. Journal of Materials Science & Technology. 2013;29(10):909-14.
24
25. Grass G, Rensing C, Solioz M. Metallic Copper as an Antimicrobial Surface. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2010;77(5):1541-7.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of hydrolysis rate on the properties of TiO2-CNT nanocomposite powder prepared by sol-gel method
In this study, TiO2-10%wt. carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite powders were synthesized by sol-gel method at various hydrolysis rate affected by different reaction agents of acetyl acetone and benzyl alcohol. Crystallization of TiO2 was then achieved through calcination at 400 °C. The properties of nanocomposite powder investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results showed that, the crystalline TiO2 with anatase structure was produced after calcination. The crystallite size of TiO2 depended on the hydrolysis rate which was increased from 25 nm at higher hydrolysis rate by benzyl alcohol to 55 nm at slower hydrolysis rate by acetyl acetone. Before calcination, the results have shown that the slower hydrolysis rate yields relatively large particles with a plate like morphology in contrast to the presence of small particles with significant agglomeration at higher hydrolysis rate by benzyl alcohol. After calcination, high hydrolysis reaction through the use of benzyl alcohol offers easy access to the TiO2-10%wt. CNT nanocomposite with well controlled coating and desirable interactions between TiO2 and the CNTs. The thickness of TiO2 coating on CNTs in this way was 80 nm. Also, TiO2 particle size depended on the hydrolysis rate, decreased from 1 μm in presence of acetyl acetone to 150 nm in presence of benzyl alcohol. The band gap energy at higher hydrolysis rate by benzyl alcohol was 2.95 eV.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_65973_8a8a5b006adecf1dc16b95506813ade3.pdf
2018-06-01
90
95
10.22059/jufgnsm.2018.244259.18901.12
Nanocomposite
Carbon Nanotube
TiO2
Sol-gel
Hydrolysis rate
Alireza
Shafei
alireza_shafei@yahoo.com
1
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Sheibani
ssheibani@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Chen X, Mao SS. Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications. Chemical Reviews. 2007;107(7):2891-959.
1
2. Sellappan R. Mechanisms of enhanced activity of model TiO2/carbon and TiO2/metal nanocomposite photocatalysts. Chalmers University of Technology; 2013.
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3. Carp O. Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide. Progress in Solid State Chemistry. 2004;32(1-2):33-177.
3
4. Woan K, Pyrgiotakis G, Sigmund W. Photocatalytic Carbon-Nanotube-TiO2Composites. Advanced Materials. 2009;21(21):2233-9.
4
5. Cong Y, Li X, Qin Y, Dong Z, Yuan G, Cui Z, et al. Carbon-doped TiO2 coating on multiwalled carbon nanotubes with higher visible light photocatalytic activity. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2011;107(1-2):128-34.
5
6. Di J, Li S, Zhao Z, Huang Y, Jia Y, Zheng H. Biomimetic CNT@TiO2 composite with enhanced photocatalytic properties. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2015;281:60-8.
6
7. Yao Y, Li G, Ciston S, Lueptow RM, Gray KA. Photoreactive TiO2/Carbon Nanotube Composites: Synthesis and Reactivity. Environmental Science & Technology. 2008;42(13):4952-7.
7
8. Eder D, Windle AH. Morphology control of CNT-TiO2 hybrid materials and rutile nanotubes. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2008;18(17):2036.
8
9. Serp P, Figueiredo JL, editors. Carbon materials for catalysis. John Wiley & Sons; 2009 Feb 4.
9
10. Robel I, Bunker BA, Kamat PV. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-CdS Nanocomposites as Light-Harvesting Assemblies: Photoinduced Charge-Transfer Interactions. Advanced Materials. 2005;17(20):2458-63.
10
11. Kamat PV. Harvesting photons with carbon nanotubes. Nano Today. 2006;1(4):20-7.
11
12. Kongkanand A, Kamat PV. Electron Storage in Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Fermi Level Equilibration in Semiconductor–SWCNT Suspensions. ACS Nano. 2007;1(1):13-21.
12
13. Xu Y-J, Zhuang Y, Fu X. New Insight for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 by Doping Carbon Nanotubes: A Case Study on Degradation of Benzene and Methyl Orange. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2010;114(6):2669-76.
13
14. Ząbek P, Eberl J, Kisch H. On the origin of visible light activity in carbon-modified titania. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. 2009;8(2):264.
14
15. Yu H, Quan X, Chen S, Zhao H, Zhang Y. TiO2–carbon nanotube heterojunction arrays with a controllable thickness of TiO2 layer and their first application in photocatalysis. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 2008;200(2-3):301-6.
15
16. Yen C-Y, Lin Y-F, Hung C-H, Tseng Y-H, Ma C-CM, Chang M-C, et al. The effects of synthesis procedures on the morphology and photocatalytic activity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/TiO2nanocomposites. Nanotechnology. 2008;19(4):045604.
16
17. Eder D, Windle AH. Carbon–Inorganic Hybrid Materials: The Carbon-Nanotube/TiO2 Interface. Advanced Materials. 2008;20(9):1787-93.
17
18. Akhavan O, Azimirad R, Safa S, Larijani MM. Visible light photo-induced antibacterial activity of CNT–doped TiO2 thin films with various CNT contents. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2010;20(35):7386.
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19. Brinker CJ, Scherer GW. Sol-gel science: the physics and chemistry of sol-gel processing. Academic press; 2013 Oct 22.
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20. Mamunya Y, Iurzhenko M. Advances in progressive thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, perspectives and applications. CCUE NASU in IMC NASU; 2012.
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21. Williamson GK, Hall WH. X-ray line broadening from filed aluminium and wolfram. Acta Metallurgica. 1953;1(1):22-31.
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22. Xie Y, Qian H, Zhong Y, Guo H, Hu Y. Facile Low-Temperature Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube/ Nanohybrids with Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity. International Journal of Photoenergy. 2012;2012:1-6.
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23. Wang W, Serp P, Kalck P, Faria JL. Visible light photodegradation of phenol on MWNT-TiO2 composite catalysts prepared by a modified sol–gel method. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical. 2005;235(1-2):194-9.
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24. Montero-Ocampo C, Garcia JV, Estrada EA. Comparison of TiO2 and TiO2-CNT as cathode catalyst supports for ORR. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2013 Dec 1;8:12780-800.
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25. Zhou W, Zhou Y, Tang S. Formation of TiO2 nano-fiber doped with Gd3+ and its photocatalytic activity. Materials Letters. 2005;59(24-25):3115-8.
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26. Sinkó K. Influence of Chemical Conditions on the Nanoporous Structure of Silicate Aerogels. Materials. 2010;3(1):704-40.
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27. Niederberger M. Nonaqueous Sol–Gel Routes to Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Accounts of Chemical Research. 2007;40(9):793-800.
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28. Kumar Y, Herrera-Zaldivar M, Olive-Méndez S, Singh F, Mathew X, Agarwal V. Modification of optical and electrical properties of zinc oxide-coated porous silicon nanostructures induced by swift heavy ion. Nanoscale Research Letters. 2012;7(1):366.
28