ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Accumulative Roll Bonding of Aluminum/Stainless Steel Sheets
An Al/Stainless Steel/Al lamellar composite was produced by roll bonding of the starting sheets at 400 °C. Afterward, the roll bonded sheet was cut in half and the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process at room temperature was applied seven times. As a result, the central steel layer fractured and distributed in the Al matrix among different layers introduced by the repetition of roll bonding process. The tensile results showed that the roll bonded sheet has much higher strength and strength to weight ratio compared with the initial aluminum sheet as a result of the presence of continuous steel core. However, poor ductility properties were observed during tensile test, which were ascribed to the increasing deformation resistance and localized thinning of the central stainless steel sheet during the roll bonding process. The ARBed sample exhibited lower strength compared with the roll bonded sheet due to the breakup of stainless steel layer into many small segments. Anyway, an ultrafine grained microstructure with average grain size of 400 nm in the aluminum matrix and 71% strain-induced martensite in the steel segments were detected by the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique, which were found to be responsible for the enhancement of mechanical properties compared with the initial aluminum sheet.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_62085_dc3473d7fe1ab2d9cc97ec4f624a6157.pdf
2017-06-01
1
5
10.7508/jufgnsm.2017.01.01
Ultrafine Grained Materials
Accumulative Roll Bonding
Mechanical properties
EBSD
Navid
Mohammad Nejad Fard
n_mohammadnejad@ut.ac.ir
1
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hamed
Mirzadeh
hmirzadeh@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rezayat
Mohammad
3
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Jose-Maria
Cabrera
4
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universidad Plitecnica de Catalunya, EEBE-c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
AUTHOR
1. Jin JY, Hong SI. Effect of heat treatment on tensile deformation characteristics and properties of Al3003/STS439 clad composite. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2014;596:1-8.
1
2. Kim IK, Hong SI. Effect of component layer thickness on the bending behaviors of roll-bonded tri-layered Mg/Al/STS clad composites. Materials & Design. 2013;49:935-44.
2
3. Akramifard HR, Mirzadeh H, Parsa MH. Cladding of aluminum on AISI 304L stainless steel by cold roll bonding: Mechanism, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2014;613:232-9.
3
4. Tsuji N, Saito Y, Lee SH, Minamino Y. ARB (Accumulative Roll‐Bonding) and other new techniques to produce bulk ultrafine grained materials. Advanced Engineering Materials. 2003;5(5):338-44.
4
5. Valiev RZ, Langdon TG. Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement. Progress in materials science. 2006;51(7):881-981.
5
6. Jamaati R, Toroghinejad MR. Manufacturing of high-strength aluminum/alumina composite by accumulative roll bonding. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2010;527(16):4146-51.
6
7. Alizadeh M, Paydar MH. High-strength nanostructured Al/B 4 C composite processed by cross-roll accumulative roll bonding. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2012;538:14-9.
7
8. Salimi S, Izadi H, Gerlich AP. Fabrication of an aluminum–carbon nanotube metal matrix composite by accumulative roll-bonding. Journal of materials science. 2011;46(2):409-15.
8
9. Gashti SO, Fattah-alhosseini A, Mazaheri Y, Keshavarz MK. Microstructure, mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior of AA1050 processed by accumulative roll bonding (ARB). Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2016;688:44-55.
9
10. Naghizadeh M, Mirzadeh H. Microstructural evolutions during annealing of plastically deformed AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel: martensite reversion, grain refinement, recrystallization, and grain growth. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2016;47(8):4210-6.
10
11. Kang HG, Kim JK, Huh MY, Engler O. A combined texture and FEM study of strain states during roll-cladding of five-ply stainless steel/aluminum composites. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2007;452:347-58.
11
12. Masahashi N, Komatsu K, Watanabe S, Hanada S. Microstructure and properties of iron aluminum alloy/CrMo steel composite prepared by clad rolling. Journal of alloys and compounds. 2004;379(1):272-9.
12
13. Tayyebi M, Eghbali B. Processing of Al/304 stainless steel composite by roll bonding. Materials Science and Technology. 2012;28(12):1414-9.
13
14. Talebian M, Alizadeh M. Manufacturing Al/steel multilayered composite by accumulative roll bonding and the effects of subsequent annealing on the microstructural and mechanical characteristics. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2014;590:186-93.
14
15. Shen YF, Li XX, Sun X, Wang YD, Zuo L. Twinning and martensite in a 304 austenitic stainless steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2012;552:514-22.
15
16. Shirdel M, Mirzadeh H, Parsa MH. Nano/ultrafine grained austenitic stainless steel through the formation and reversion of deformation-induced martensite: Mechanisms, microstructures, mechanical properties, and TRIP effect. Materials Characterization. 2015;103:150-61.
16
17. Kim WN, Hong SI. Interactive deformation and enhanced ductility of tri-layered Cu/Al/Cu clad composite. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016;651:976-86.
17
18. Ha JS, Hong SI. Deformation and fracture of Ti/439 stainless steel clad composite at intermediate temperatures. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016;651:805-9.
18
19. Lesuer DR, Syn CK, Sherby OD, Wadsworth J, Lewandowski JJ, Hunt WH. Mechanical behaviour of laminated metal composites. International Materials Reviews. 1996;41(5):169-97.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mechanical Behavior of an Ultrafine/Nano Grained Magnesium Alloy
The application of magnesium alloys is greatly limited because of their relatively low strength and ductility. An effective way to improve the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy is to refine the grains. As the race for better materials performance is never ending, attempts to develop viable techniques for microstructure refinement continue. Further refining of grain size requires, however, application of extreme value of plastic deformation on material. In this work, an AZ31 wrought magnesium alloy was processed by employing multipass accumulative back extrusion process. The obtained microstructure, texture, and room temperature compressive properties were characterized and discussed. The results indicated that grains of 80 nm to 1 μm size were formed during accumulative back extrusion, where the mean grain size of the experimental material was reduced by applying successive ABE passes. The fraction of DRX increased and the mean grain size of the ABEed alloy markedly lowered, as subsequent passes were applied. This helped to explain the higher yield stress govern the occurrence of twinning during compressive loading. Compressive yield and maximum compressive strengths were measured to increase by applying successive extrusion passes, while the strain-to-fracture dropped. The evolution of mechanical properties was explained relying on the grain refinement effect as well as texture change.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_62086_349ae5a6bcae01509c8c95413e286f2f.pdf
2017-06-01
6
15
10.7508/jufgnsm.2017.01.02
Magnesium
Nano Grain
Twinning
Compression
Seyed Mahmood
Fatemi
mfatemi@ut.ac.ir
1
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, 136-16785, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas
Zarei-Hanzaki
zareih@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, 515-14395, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Valiev R. Nanostructuring of metals by severe plastic deformation for advanced properties. Nature Materials. 2004;3(8):511-516.
1
2. Khajezade A, Habibi Parsa M, Mirzadeh H, Montazeri-pour M. Grain Refinement Efficiency of Multi-Axial Incremental Forging and Shearing: A Crystal Plasticity Analysis. Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials. 2016;49(1):11-16.
2
3. Figueiredo RB, Langdon TG. Principles of grain refinement and superplastic flow in magnesium alloys processed by ECAP. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2009;501(1-2):105-114.
3
4. Kim W, Jeong H, Jeong H. Achieving high strength and high ductility in magnesium alloys using severe plastic deformation combined with low-temperature aging. Scripta Materialia. 2009;61(11):1040-1043.
4
5. Wang H, Wu P, Wang J. Modelling the role of slips and twins in magnesium alloys under cyclic shear. Computational Materials Science. 2015;96:214-218.
5
6. Wang J, Zhang D, Li Y, Xiao Z, Fouse J, Yang X. Effect of initial orientation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of textured AZ31 Mg alloy during torsion and annealing. Materials & Design. 2015;86:526-535.
6
7. Biswas S, Suwas S. Evolution of sub-micron grain size and weak texture in magnesium alloy Mg–3Al–0.4 Mn by a modified multi-axial forging process. Scripta Materialia. 2012;66(2):89-92.
7
8. Gzyl M, Rosochowski A, Boczkal S, Olejnik L. The role of microstructure and texture in controlling mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy processed by I-ECAP. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2015;638:20-29.
8
9. Yuan W, Panigrahi SK, Su JQ, Mishra RS. Influence of grain size and texture on Hall–Petch relationship for a magnesium alloy. Scripta Materialia. 2011;65(11):994-7.
9
10. Kim W, An C, Kim Y, Hong S. Mechanical properties and microstructures of an AZ61 Mg alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing. Scripta Materialia. 2002;47(1):39-44.
10
11. Xing J, Yang X, Miura H, Sakai T. Mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ31 after severe plastic deformation. Materials Transactions. 2008;49(1):69-75.
11
12. Zuberova Z, Estrin Y, Lamark T, Janecek M, Hellmig R, Krieger M. Effect of equal channel angular pressing on the deformation behaviour of magnesium alloy AZ31 under uniaxial compression. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2007;184(1-3):294-299.
12
13. Miura H, Maruoka T, Yang X, Jonas J. Microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-directionally forged Mg–Al–Zn alloy. Scripta Materialia. 2012;66(1):49-51.
13
14. Yang Q, Ghosh A. Deformation behavior of ultrafine-grain (UFG) AZ31B Mg alloy at room temperature. Acta Materialia. 2006;54(19):5159-5170.
14
15. Fatemi-Varzaneh S, Zarei-Hanzaki A. Accumulative back extrusion (ABE) processing as a novel bulk deformation method. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2009;504(1-2):104-106.
15
16. Fatemi-Varzaneh S, Zarei-Hanzaki A, Naderi M, Roostaei AA. Deformation homogeneity in accumulative back extrusion processing of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2010;507(1):207-214.
16
17. Fatemi-Varzaneh S, Zarei-Hanzaki A. Processing of AZ31 magnesium alloy by a new noble severe plastic deformation method. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2011;528(3):1334-1339.
17
18. Fatemi-Varzaneh S, Zarei-Hanzaki A, Paul H. Characterization of ultrafine and nano grained magnesium alloy processed by severe plastic deformation. Materials Characterization. 2014;87:27-35.
18
19. Fatemi-Varzaneh S, Zarei-Hanzaki A, Cabrera J, Calvillo P. EBSD characterization of repetitive grain refinement in AZ31 magnesium alloy. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2015;149:339-343.
19
20. Li J, Xu W, Wu X, Ding H, Xia K. Effects of grain size on compressive behaviour in ultrafine grained pure Mg processed by equal channel angular pressing at room temperature. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2011;528(18):5993-8.
20
21. Yang Q, Ghosh A. Production of ultrafine-grain microstructure in Mg alloy by alternate biaxial reverse corrugation. Acta Materialia. 2006;54(19):5147-5158.
21
22. Caceres C, Davidson C, Griffiths J, Newton C. Effects of solidification rate and ageing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2002:325(1-2):344-355.
22
23. Trojanova Z, Caceres C. On the strain to the onset of serrated flow in a magnesium alloy. Scripta Materialia. 2007;56(9):793-796.
23
24. Dahms M, Bunge HJ. The iterative series-expansion method for quantitative texture analysis. I. General outline. Journal of Applied Crystallography. 1989;22(5):439-447.
24
25. Barnett M. Twinning and the ductility of magnesium alloys: Part II. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2007;464(1-2):8-16.
25
26. Rohatgi A, Vecchio KS, Gray GT. The influence of stacking fault energy on the mechanical behavior of Cu and Cu-Al alloys: deformation twinning, work hardening, and dynamic recovery. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2001;32(1):135-145.
26
27. Barnett M. Influence of deformation conditions and texture on the high temperature flow stress of magnesium AZ31. Journal of Light Metals. 2001;1(3):167-177.
27
28. Meyers M, Vöhringer O, Lubarda V. The onset of twinning in metals: a constitutive description. Acta Materialia. 2001;49(19):4025-4039.
28
29. Lapovok R, Thomson P, Cottam R, Estrin Y. The effect of grain refinement by warm equal channel angular extrusion on room temperature twinning in magnesium alloy ZK60. Journal of Materials Science. 2005;40(7):1699-1708.
29
30. Yin S, Wang C, Diao Y, Wu S, Li S. Influence of Grain Size and Texture on the Yield Asymmetry of Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy. Journal of Materials Science & Technology. 2011;27(1):29-34.
30
31. Wang Y, Huang J. The role of twinning and untwinning in yielding behavior in hot-extruded Mg-Al-Zn alloy. Acta Materialia. 2007;55(3):897-905.
31
32. Koike J, Kobayashi T, Mukai T, Watanabe H, Suzuki M, Maruyama K, Higashi K. The activity of non-basal slip systems and dynamic recovery at room temperature in fine-grained AZ31B magnesium alloys. Acta Materialia. 2003;51(7):2055-2065.
32
33. Koike J. Enhanced deformation mechanisms by anisotropic plasticity in polycrystalline Mg alloys at room temperature. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2005;36(7):1689-1696.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 tubes fabricated by Multi-pass Parallel Tubular Channel Angular Pressing
Parallel Tubular Channel Angular Pressing (PTCAP) process is a novel recently developed severe plastic deformation (SPD) method for producing ultrafine grained (UFG) and nanograined (NG) tubular specimens with excellent mechanical and physical properties. This process has several advantageous compared to its TCAP counterparts. In this paper, a fine grained AZ91 tube was fabricated via multi pass parallel tubular channel angular pressing (PTCAP) process. Tubes were processed up to three passes PTCAP at 300 °C. Evolution of microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of the processed tubes after different passes were evaluated. Hardness, strength, and elongation were increased for processed tubes. Mean grain size was notably reduced to 3.8 μm for the tube which processed three passes from a 150 μm for the unprocessed tube. The maximum strength was found for second passes PTCAP processed tube which increased considerably about 108 %. The strength of the first pass processed tube increased about 62.5%. Increasing in elongation at room temperature was occurred, too. Mechanical properties of the third pass processed tube were deteriorated relatively because of appearing microcracks on the surface. Also, the hardness improved and it was increased about 77%. The result showed that the achieved mechanical properties consistent with microstructure.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_62087_40dc46d3d82b03f02cdf48ba8935e7f5.pdf
2017-06-01
16
22
10.7508/jufgnsm.2017.01.03
PTCAP
Mechanical Behavior
AZ91
Tube
Grain refinement
Hooman
Abdolvand
1
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 11155-4563, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ghader
Faraji
ghfaraji@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 11155-4563, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Javad
Shahbazi Karami
3
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Liu L, Ding H. Study of the plastic flow behaviors of AZ91 magnesium alloy during thermomechanical processes. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2009;484(1):949-56.
1
2. Mordike BL, Ebert T. Magnesium: Properties—applications—potential. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2001;302(1):37-45.
2
3. Xu SW, Matsumoto N, Kamado S, Honma T, Kojima Y. Effect of Mg 17 Al 12 precipitates on the microstructural changes and mechanical properties of hot compressed AZ91 magnesium alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2009;523(1):47-52.
3
4. Mabuchi M, Iwasaki H, Yanase K, Higashi K. Low temperature superplasticity in an AZ91 magnesium alloy processed by ECAE. Scripta materialia. 1997;36(6):681-6.
4
5. Ebrahimi GR, Maldar AR, Monajati H, Haghshenas M. Hot deformation behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy in temperature ranging from 350 C to 425 C. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2012;22(9):2066-71.
5
6. Li JY, Xie JX, Jin JB, Wang ZX. Microstructural evolution of AZ91 magnesium alloy during extrusion and heat treatment. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2012;22(5):1028-34.
6
7. Tan M, Liu Z, Quan G. Effects of Hot Extrusion and Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy. Energy Procedia. 2012;16:457-60.
7
8. Thirumurugan M, Kumaran S. Extrusion and precipitation hardening behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2013;23(6):1595-601.
8
9. Valiev RZ, Langdon TG. Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement. Progress in materials science. 2006;51(7):881-981.
9
10. Jafarlou DM, Zalnezhad E, Hamouda AS, Faraji G, Mardi NA, Mohamed MA. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of AA 6063 processed by severe plastic deformation. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2015;46(5):2172-84.
10
11. Chen YJ, Wang QD, Roven HJ, Karlsen M, Yu YD, Liu MP, Hjelen J. Microstructure evolution in magnesium alloy AZ31 during cyclic extrusion compression. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2008;462(1):192-200.
11
12. Saito Y, Utsunomiya H, Tsuji N, Sakai T. Novel ultra-high straining process for bulk materials—development of the accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process. Acta materialia. 1999;47(2):579-83.
12
13. Zhilyaev AP, Langdon TG. Using high-pressure torsion for metal processing: fundamentals and applications. Progress in Materials Science. 2008;53(6):893-979.
13
14. Faraji G, Babaei A, Mashhadi MM, Abrinia K. Parallel tubular channel angular pressing (PTCAP) as a new severe plastic deformation method for cylindrical tubes. Materials Letters. 2012;77:82-5.
14
15. Faraji G, Mashhadi MM, Kim HS. Tubular channel angular pressing (TCAP) as a novel severe plastic deformation method for cylindrical tubes. Materials Letters. 2011;65(19):3009-12.
15
16. Abdolvand H, Sohrabi H, Faraji G, Yusof F. A novel combined severe plastic deformation method for producing thin-walled ultrafine grained cylindrical tubes. Materials Letters. 2015;143:167-71.
16
17. Faraji G, Mashhadi MM, Bushroa AR, Babaei A. TEM analysis and determination of dislocation densities in nanostructured copper tube produced via parallel tubular channel angular pressing process. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2013;563:193-8.
17
18. Tavakkoli V, Afrasiab M, Faraji G, Mashhadi MM. Severe mechanical anisotropy of high-strength ultrafine grained Cu–Zn tubes processed by parallel tubular channel angular pressing (PTCAP). Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2015;625:50-5.
18
19. Mesbah M, Faraji G, Bushroa AR. Characterization of nanostructured pure aluminum tubes produced by tubular channel angular pressing (TCAP). Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2014;590:289-94.
19
20. Faraji G, Mashhadi MM, Kim HS. Microstructure inhomogeneity in ultra-fine grained bulk AZ91 produced by accumulative back extrusion (ABE). Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2011;528(13):4312-7.
20
21. Shin DH, Kim I, Kim J, Zhu YT. Shear strain accommodation during severe plastic deformation of titanium using equal channel angular pressing. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2002;334(1):239-45.
21
22. Lin J, Wang Q, Peng L, Roven HJ. Microstructure and high tensile ductility of ZK60 magnesium alloy processed by cyclic extrusion and compression. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2009;476(1):441-5.
22
23. Asl KM. Improving the properties of magnesium alloys for high temperature applications. INTECH Open Access Publisher; 2011.
23
24. Faraji G, Mashhadi MM, Kim HS. Microstructural evolution of UFG magnesium alloy produced by accumulative back extrusion (ABE). Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 2012;27(3):267-72.
24
25. Jin L, Lin D, Mao D, Zeng X, Ding W. Mechanical properties and microstructure of AZ31 Mg alloy processed by two-step equal channel angular extrusion. Materials letters. 2005;59(18):2267-70.
25
26. Chino Y, Kobata M, Iwasaki H, Mabuchi M. An investigation of compressive deformation behaviour for AZ91 Mg alloy containing a small volume of liquid. Acta Materialia. 2003;51(11):3309-18.
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27. Yoo MS, Kim JJ, Shin KS, Kim NJ. Effect of second phases on the high temperature mechanical properties of squeeze cast Mg-Al alloys. In Magnesium technology ashfield at the TMS annual meeting. 2002;95-100.
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28. Lü YZ, Wang QD, Zeng XQ, Zhu YP, Ding WJ. Behavior of Mg–6Al–xSi alloys during solution heat treatment at 420° C. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2001;301(2):255-8.
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29. Yue TM, Ha HU, Musson NJ. Grain size effects on the mechanical properties of some squeeze cast light alloys. Journal of materials science. 1995;30(9):2277-83.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hardness Optimization for Al6061-MWCNT Nanocomposite Prepared by Mechanical Alloying Using Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm
Among artificial intelligence approaches, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and genetic algorithm (GA) are widely applied for modification of materials property in engineering science in large scale modeling. In this work artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) were applied to find the optimal conditions for achieving the maximum hardness of Al6061 reinforced by multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through modeling of nanocomposite characteristics. After examination the different ANN architectures an optimal structure of the model, i.e. 6-18-1, is obtained with 1.52% mean absolute error and R2 = 0.987. The proposed structure was used as fitting function for genetic algorithm. The results of GA simulation predicted that the combination sintering temperature 346 °C, sintering time 0.33 h, compact pressure 284.82 MPa, milling time 19.66 h and vial speed 310.5 rpm give the optimum hardness, (i.e., 87.5 micro Vickers) in the composite with 0.53 wt% CNT. Also, sensitivity analysis shows that the sintering time, milling time, compact pressure, vial speed and amount of MWCNT are the significant parameter and sintering time is the most important parameter. Comparison of the predicted values with the experimental data revealed that the GA–ANN model is a powerful method to find the optimal conditions for preparing of Al6061-MWCNT.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_62088_9b60d48e2fc0b44860e25fca31033638.pdf
2017-06-01
23
32
10.7508/jufgnsm.2017.01.04
Carbon nanotubes
Metal–matrix composites
Genetic Algorithm
Artificial Neural Network
Mehrdad
Mahdavi Jafari
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Soheil
Soroushian
soheil4@uk.ac.ir
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Gholam
Khayati
khayatireza@gmail.com
3
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Iijima S. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature. 1991;354(6348):56.
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49. Poirier D, Gauvin R, Drew RA. Structural characterization of a mechanically milled carbon nanotube/aluminum mixture. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2009;40(9):1482-9.
49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Corrosion Inhibition of Sodium Phosphate for Coarse and Near Ultrafined-Grain Mild steel surface
An ultrafine grain surface layer with average crystallite size of 28 nm was produced on annealed mild steel through a wire brushing process. The effects of grain size reduction on the inhibition performance of sodium phosphate were investigated using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The crystal grain size of wire brushed surface was analyzed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The electrochemical tests were conducted in artificial sea water (ASW) in the presence and absence of 250 mg/lit sodium phosphate (SP). The wire brushed surface indicated considerable deformed plastic flows and high surface roughness. Due to the accumulated strains, a deformed layer with thickness of 20±5 μm was produced and the crystal grain size of severe deformed zone was about 28 nm. Wire brushed surface increased uniform corrosion rate of mild steel due to enhanced surface roughness and preferential sites to adsorption of corrosive ions. However, the wire brushed surface showed a positive effect on inhibition performance of sodium phosphate. The electrochemical results revealed that average inhibition efficiency increased from 65 to about 80 percent in ASW solution containing 1.5 mM Na3PO4 for coarse grained samples in comparison to that of ultra-fined grain samples respectively .The wire brushing process encouraged passivity on the surface in SP-containing solution due to a high density of nucleation sites which increased the adsorption of phosphate ions leading to a high fraction of passive layers and low corrosion rates.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_62089_b79333b5daa1621512610568dfd1dd66.pdf
2017-06-01
33
42
10.7508/jufgnsm.2017.01.05
Mild steel
Ultrafine grain surface
Inhibition performance
Sodium phosphate
Kazem
Sabet Bokati
kk_sabetb@ut.ac.ir
1
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Changiz
Dehghanian
cdehghan@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Davis JR . Surface engineering for corrosion and wear resistance. ASM international, 2001.
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2. Miyamoto H. Corrosion of Ultrafine Grained Materials by Severe Plastic Deformation. an Overview. Materials Transactions. 2016;57:559–572.
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3. Cheng Z, Dan S, Jiang J, Jiang J, Kai YOU. Microstructure Characteristic and Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Surface Nano-crystallization Modified Carbon Steel. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International. 2016;23:1281–1289.
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4. Song D, Ma A, Sun W, Jiang J, Jiang J, Yang D, Guo G. Improved corrosion resistance in simulated concrete pore solution of surface nanocrystallized rebar fabricated by wire-brushing. Corrosion Science. 2014;82:437-441.
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5. Afshari V, Dehghanian C. Effects of grain size on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Fe coatings in alkaline solution, Corrosion Science. 2009;51:1844–1849.
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6. Ralston KD, Birbilis N. Effect of grain size on corrosion: a review. Corrosion. 2010;66:75005.
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7. Sastri VS. Green corrosion inhibitors: Theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons. 2012.
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8. Yagasaki T, Matsumoto M, Tanaka H. Adsorption mechanism of inhibitor and guest molecules on the surface of gas hydrates. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2015;137:12079–12085.
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9. Shen CB, Wang SG, Yang HY, Long K, Wang FH. Corrosion and corrosion inhibition by thiourea of bulk nanocrystallized industrial pure iron in dilute HCl solution. Corrosion Science. 2006;48:1655–1665.
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10. Oguzie EE, Wang SG, Li Y, Wang FH. Corrosion and corrosion inhibition characteristics of bulk nanocrystalline ingot iron in sulphuric acid. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 2008;12:721–728.
10
11. Pour-Ali S, Kiani-Rashid A, Babakhani A. Improved corrosion inhibition of 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole on mild steel electrode in HCl solution using surface nanocrystallization. International Journal of Materials Research. 2016;107:1031–1040.
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12. Afshari V, Dehghanian C. The effect of pure iron in a nanocrystalline grain size on the corrosion inhibitor behavior of sodium benzoate in near-neutral aqueous solution. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2010;124:466–471.
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13. Afshari V, Dehghanian C. Inhibitor effect of sodium benzoate on the corrosion behavior of nanocrystalline pure iron metal in near-neutral aqueous solutions. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 2010;14:1855–1861.
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14. Kitahara H, Yada T, Tsushida M, Ando S. Microstructure and evaluation of wire-brushed Mg sheets. Procedia Engineering. 2011;10:2737–2742.
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15. Liu YG, Li MQ, Liu HJ. Surface nanocrystallization and gradient structure developed in the bulk TC4 alloy processed by shot peening. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2016;685:186–193.
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16. D1141-98 A Standard Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water. ASTM International West Conshohocken. 2008.
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17. Tao NR, Wang ZB, Tong WP, Sui ML, Lu J, Lu K. An investigation of surface nanocrystallization mechanism in Fe induced by surface mechanical attrition treatment. Acta Materialia. 2002;50:4603–4616.
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18. Sato M, Tsuji N, Minamino Y, Koizumi Y. Formation of nanocrystalline surface layers in various metallic materials by near surface severe plastic deformation. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 2004;5:145–152.
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19. Carrillo I, Valdez B, Zlatev R, Stoytcheva M, Carrillo M, Bäßler R. Electrochemical study of oxyanions effect on galvanic corrosion inhibition. International Journal of Electrochemical Science. 2012;7:8688–8701.
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20. Trachli B, Keddam M, Takenouti H, Srhiri A. Protective effect of electropolymerized 3-amino 1, 2, 4-triazole towards corrosion of copper in 0.5 M NaCl. Corrosion Science. 2002;44:997–1008.
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21. Yildiz R. An electrochemical and theoretical evaluation of 4, 6-diamino-2-pyrimidinethiol as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solutions. Corrosion Science. 2015;90:544–553.
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22. Dermaj A, Hajjaji N, Joiret S, Rahmouni K, Srhiri A, Takenouti H, Vivier V. Electrochemical and spectroscopic evidences of corrosion inhibition of bronze by a triazole derivative. Electrochimica Acta. 2007;52:4654–4662.
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23. Rammelt U, Schiller CA. Impedance studies of layers with a vertical decay of conductivity or permittivity. ACH-Models in Chemistry. 2000;137:199–212.
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24. Mï H. The corrosion behaviour of a low carbon steel in natural and synthetic seawaters. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 2006;106:585–592.
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25. Trela J, Scendo M. Sodium molybdate (VI) as a corrosion inhibitr of carbon steel, Technical Issues. 2015;2:47–53.
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26. Lv J, Luo H. Comparison of corrosion behavior between coarse grained and nano/ultrafine grained 304 stainless steel by EWF, XPS and EIS. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2014;452:469–473.
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27. Li W, Li DY, Influence of surface morphology on corrosion and electronic behavior. Acta Materialia. 2006;54:445–452.
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30. Sanaty-Zadeh A, Raeissi K, Saidi A. An investigation on the effect of electrochemical adsorbates on properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Fe–Ni alloys. International Journal of Nanoscience . 2013;12:1350002.
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31. Nastasi M, Parkin DM, Gleiter H. Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of materials having ultra-fine microstructures. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.
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32. Hempelmann R, Natter H. Nanostructured Metals and Alloys Deposited from Ionic Liquids. Electrodeposition from Ionic Liquids. 2008;222:213–238.
32
33. Sommer WJ, Weck M. Facile functionalization of gold nanoparticles via microwave-assisted 1, 3 dipolar cycloaddition. Langmuir. 2007;23:11991–11995.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Photocatalytic Decolorization of Methyl Orange by Silica-Supported TiO2 Composites
Immobilization of TiO2 on silica gel has been proposed to enable easy separation of the catalyst in aqueous systems after photocatalytic reaction. Our simple synthesizing method reduces production cost, and the photocatalyst could find economical application in wastewater treatment. Silica-supported TiO2 composites were prepared by molten salt method at 500, 600 and 700 °C for 60 min. The obtained samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. SEM results showed a heterogeneous surface covered with spherical particles. According to XRD findings, the only phase of the prepared TiO2/SG nanocomposites at all temperatures was pure anatase. The average crystallite size of anatase was roughly 25, 42, 44 and 53 nm for nanocomposites prepared at 550, 600, 700 and 800 °C, respectively. The samples taken at 500 and 600 ºC showed a band gap value of 2.98 eV, and for sample synthesized at 700 ºC the band gap was 2.95 eV. The decolorization activity has been evaluated by Methyl orange (MO) oxidation in liquid phase. The results showed that the sample obtained at 700 °C had the highest photocatalytic decolorization efficiency activity, and the sample prepared at 500 °C had the lowest. The decolorization activity of photocatalyst prepared at 700 °C did not change during stability experiment.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_62090_04deaf898ba9292b9cedf243b018575d.pdf
2017-06-01
43
50
10.7508/jufgnsm.2017.01.06
Silica-supported TiO2
Nanocomposites
molten salt method
Photocatalyst
mohammad
ghorbanpour
ghorbanpour@uma.ac.ir
1
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 56199-11367, Ardabil, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehran
Yousofi
2
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 56199-11367, Ardabil, Iran.
AUTHOR
Samaneh
Lotfiman
3
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 56199-11367, Ardabil, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. López-Muñoz MJ, van Grieken R, Aguado J, Marugán J. Role of the support on the activity of silica-supported TiO2 photocatalysts: structure of the TiO2/SBA-15 photocatalysts. Catalysis Today. 15;101(3):307-14.
1
2. Di Paola A, Cufalo G, Addamo M, Bellardita M, Campostrini R, Ischia M, Ceccato R, Palmisano L. Photocatalytic activity of nanocrystalline TiO2 (brookite, rutile and brookite-based) powders prepared by thermohydrolysis of TiCl4 in aqueous chloride solutions. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2008:317(1):366-76.
2
3. Ghorbanpour M, Lotfiman S. Solid-state immobilisation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles onto nanoclay. Micro & Nano Letters. 2016; 11(11):684-7.
3
4. Ghorbanpour M, Falamaki C. Micro energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence as a powerful complementary technique for the analysis of bimetallic Au/Ag/glass nanolayer composites used in surface plasmon resonance sensors. Applied optics. 2012;51(32):7733-8.
4
5. Wang YM, Liu SW, Xiu Z, Jiao XB, Cui XP, Pan J. Preparation and photocatalytic properties of silica gel-supported TiO2. Materials Letters. 2006;60(7):974-8.
5
6. Pucher P, Benmami M, Azouani R, Krammer G, Chhor K, Bocquet JF, Kanaev AV. Nano-TiO2 sols immobilized on porous silica as new efficient photocatalyst. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2007;332(2):297-303.
6
7. Ren S, Zhao X, Zhao L, Yuan M, Yu Y, Guo Y, Wang Z. Preparation of porous TiO2/silica composites without any surfactants. Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2009;182(2):312-6.
7
8. Pouraboulghasem H, Ghorbanpour M, Shayegh R, Lotfiman S. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of alkaline ion-exchanged ZnO/bentonite nanocomposites. Journal of Central South University. 2016;23(4):787-92.
8
9. Lotfiman S, Ghorbanpour M. Antimicrobial activity of ZnO/silica gel nanocomposites prepared by a simple and fast solid-state method. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2017;310:129-33.
9
10. Pourabolghasem H, Ghorbanpour M, Shayegh R. Antibacterial Activity of Copper-doped Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Prepared by Alkaline Ion Exchange Method. Journal of Physical Science. 2016;27(2):1-12.
10
11. Ghorbanpour, M, Moghimi, M and Lotfiman, S. Silica-Supported Copper Oxide Nanoleaf with Antimicrobial Activity Against Escherichia Coli. Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology. 2017;2(2): 112-117.
11
12. Periyat P, Baiju KV, Mukundan P, Pillai PK, Warrier KG. High temperature stable mesoporous anatase TiO2 photocatalyst achieved by silica addition. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2008;349(1):13-9.
12
13. Hadjltaief HB, Zina MB, Galvez ME, Da Costa P. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl green dye in aqueous solution over natural clay-supported ZnO–TiO2 catalysts. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 2016;315:25-33.
13
14. Ding Z, Hu X, Lu GQ, Yue PL, Greenfield PF. Novel silica gel supported TiO2 photocatalyst synthesized by CVD method. Langmuir. 2000;16(15):6216-22.
14
15. Roy B, Ahrenkiel SP, Fuierer PA. Controlling the size and morphology of TiO2 powder by molten and solid salt synthesis. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2008;91(8):2455-63.
15
16. Reddy MV, Jose R, Teng TH, Chowdari BV, Ramakrishna S. Preparation and electrochemical studies of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers and molten salt method nanoparticles. Electrochimica Acta. 2010;55(9):3109-17.
16
17. Chen Y, Wang K, Lou L. Photodegradation of dye pollutants on silica gel supported TiO2 particles under visible light irradiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 2004;163(1):281-7.
17
18. Van Grieken R, Aguado J, Lopez-Munoz MJ, Marugán J. Synthesis of size-controlled silica-supported TiO2 photocatalysts. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 2002;148(1):315-22.
18
19. Marugán J, Hufschmidt D, Sagawe G, Selzer V, Bahnemann D. Optical density and photonic efficiency of silica-supported TiO2 photocatalysts. Water research. 2006;40(4):833-9.
19
20. Payami R, Ghorbanpour M, Jadid AP. Antibacterial silver-doped bioactive silica gel production using molten salt method. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry. 2016;6(3): 215-221.
20
21. Ghorbanpour M, Falamaki C. A novel method for the fabrication of ATPES silanized SPR sensor chips: Exclusion of Cr or Ti intermediate layers and optimization of optical/adherence properties. Applied Surface Science. 2014;301: 544-50.
21
22. Ghorbanpour, M and Falamaki, C. A novel method for the production of highly adherent Au layers on glass substrates used in surface plasmon resonance analysis: substitution of Cr or Ti intermediate layers with Ag layer followed by an optimal annealing treatment. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry. 2013;3(1), 1-7 .
22
23. Ghorbanpour, M. Fabrication of a New Amine Functionalised Bi-layered Gold/Silver SPR Sensor Chip. Journal of Physical Science. 2015;26(2): 1–10.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nanostructured MgXNi1-XO Compound by Mg-NiO Mixture
Synthesis of magnesium nickel oxide phase such as MgxNi1-xO solid solutions has been studied in this research article using mechnochmical reaction between magnesium and nickel oxide. Mixtures of magnesium powder and nickel oxide (Mg+NiO) with stoichiometric compositions were milled for different times in a planetary ball mill. Reduction reaction of nickel oxide by magnesium via a mechanically induced self-sustaining reaction (MSR) was confirmed in the XRD measurements of the as-milled samples. Formation of nanostructured magnesium nickel oxide phases (such as Mg0.4Ni0.6O or MgNiO2) was observed after isothermal heating of the 30 minutes milled samples at 1000°C where nickel phase seems to disappear in XRD patterns. The traces of phases such as Mg0.4Ni0.6O or MgNiO2 were also observed in the as-milled mixtures. Therefore, the XRD results of the as-milled samples suggested that the formation of magnesium nickel oxide phases could be possible even after prolonged milling. The XRD and SEM results of both as-milled and isothermally heated samples indicated that the crystallite size and particle size of the final products reached to nanoscale after milling. Morphological and compositional evolution of the samples after heat treatment was monitored through SEM imaging and elemental analyses. The results confirmed that the composition of final product is close to Mg0.4Ni0.6O compound.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_62091_9940c82a4c438b0ac218b78b21bfb708.pdf
2017-06-01
51
59
10.7508/jufgnsm.2017.01.07
Ball milling
MgxNi1-xO
Magnesium nickel oxide
Mechanically-induced self-sustaining reaction (MSR)
Nader
Setoudeh
nsetoudeh@yu.ac.ir
1
Materials Engineering Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918-74831, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Cyrus
Zamani
c.zamani@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Sajjadnejad
m.sajjadnejad@yahoo.com
3
Materials Engineering Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918-74831, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. BenAmor M, Boukhachem A, Boubaker K, Amlouk M. Structural, optical and electrical studies on Mg-doped NiO thin films for sensitivity applications.Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. 2014; 27:994-1006.
1
2. Yang, Zh G, Zhu, Li. P, Guo, Yan M., Ye, Zh Zh, Zhao, BH. Preparation and band-gap modulation in MgxNi1-xO thin films as a function of Mg contents. Thin Solid Films. 2011; 519:5174-5177.
2
3. Antolini E. Formation of ternary lithium oxide–nickel oxide–magnesium oxide solid solution from the Li/Ni/MgO system. Materials Letters. 2001; 51: 385-388.
3
4. Venkateswara Rao K, Sunandana CS. XRD, microstructural and EPR susceptibility characterization of combustion synthesized nanoscale Mg1-xNixO solid solutions. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2008;69:87-96.
4
5. Cazzanelli E, Kuzmin A, Mariotto G, Mironova-Ulmane N. Study of vibrational and magnetic excitations in NicMg1−cO solid solutions by Raman spectroscopy. Journal Physics: Condensed Matter. 2003;15:2045-2052.
5
6. Chen L, Sun X, Liu Y, Li Y. Preparation and characterization of porous MgO and NiO/MgO nanocomposites. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2004;265:123-128.
6
7. Cazzanelli E, Kuzmin A, Mironova-Ulmane N, Mariotto G.Behavior of one-magnon frequency in antiferromagnetic NicMg1−cO solid solutions. Physics Review B. 2005;71:134415.
7
8. Suryanarayana C. Mechanical alloying and milling. Progress in Materials Science. 2001;46:1-184.
8
9. Shim JH, Byun JS, Cho YW. Mechanochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline TiN/TiB2 composite powder. Scripta Materialia. 2002;47:493-497.
9
10. Zhang FL, Wang CY, Zhu M. Nanostructured WC/Co composite powder prepared by high energy ball milling. Scripta Materialia. 2003;49:1123-1128.
10
11. Zebarjad SM, Sajjadi SA. Microstructure evaluation of Al–Al2O3 composite produced by mechanical alloying method. Materials Design. 2006; 27:684-688.
11
12. Sorkhe YA, Aghajani H, Taghizadeh Tabrizi A. Mechanical alloying and sintering of nanostructured TiO2 reinforced copper composite and its characterization. Materials Design.2014;58:168-174.
12
13. Barzegar Vishlaghi M, Ataie A. Characterization of the metastable Cu-Fe nanoparticles prepared by the mechanical alloying route. Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials. 2014;47(2):57-61.
13
14. Khadivi Ayask H, Vahdati Khaki J, Haddad Sabzevar M. Facile synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using copper hydroxide by mechanochemical process. Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials. 2015;48(1):37-44.
14
15. Rabiee M, Mirzadeh H, Ataie A. Unraveling the Effects of Process Control Agents on Mechanical Alloying of Nanostructured Cu-Fe Alloy. Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials. 2016;49(1):17-21.
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16. Takacs L. Self‑sustaining reactions induced by ball milling. Progress in Materials Science. 2002;47:355-414.
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17. Takacs L.Self‑sustaining reactions induced by ball milling. International Journal of Self Propagating High Temperature Synthesis. 2009;18(4):276-282.
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18. Setoudeh N, Welham NJ. Ball milling induced reduction of SrSO4 by Al. International Journal of Minerals Processing. 2011;98:214-218.
18
19. Setoudeh N, Welham, NJ. Mechanochemical reduction of SrSO4 by Mg. International Journal of Minerals Processing. 2012;104-105:49-52.
19
20. Khaghani‑Dehaghani MA, Ebrahimi‑Kahrizsangi R, Setoudeh N, Nasiri Tabrizi B. Mechanochemical synthesis of Al2O3–TiB2 nanocomposite powder from Al–TiO2–H3BO3 mixture. International Journal Refractory Metals and Hard Materials.2011;29:244-249.
20
21. Setoudeh N, Paydar MH, Sajjadnejad M. Effect of high energy ball milling on the reduction of nickel oxide by zinc powder. Journal of Alloys and Compounds.2015;623:117-120.
21
22- Setoudeh N, Zamani C, Sajjadnejad M. Formation of ZnO/Ni0.6Zn0.4O Mixture Using Mechanical Milling of Zn-NiO, Materials Transactions. 2016;57(9):1597-1601.
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23. HSC Chemistry for Windows, version 5.1. Outokumpu, Oy, 1994.
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24. International Centre for Diffraction data, JCPDS card file number 24-0712, 1999.
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26. Duygu Dogan D, Calgar Y, Ilican S, Caglar M. Investigation of structural, morphological and optical properties of nickel zinc oxide films prepared by sol-gel method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2011;509:2461-2465.
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27. Colder H, Guilmeau E, Harnois C, Marinel S, Retoux R, Savary E. Preparation of Ni-doped ZnO ceramics for thermoelectric applications. Journal of European Ceramic Society. 2011;31:2957-2963.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Multiscale Evaluation of the Nonlinear Elastic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Under Finite Deformation
This paper deals with the calculation of the elastic properties for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) under axial deformation and hydrostatic pressure using the atomistic-based continuum approach and the deformation mapping technique. A hyperelastic model based on the higher-order Cauchy-Born (HCB) rule being applicable at finite strains and accounting for the chirality and material nonlinearity is presented. Mechanical properties of several carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are computed and compared with the existing theoretical results and a good agreement is observed. Moreover, by comparison with atomistic calculations, it is found that the present model can reproduce the energetics of axially deformed CNTs. The model is then adopted to study the dependence of the elastic properties on chirality, radius and strain which yields an upper bound on the stability limit of axially and circumferentially stretched nanotubes. The influence of chirality is found to be more prominent for smaller tubes and as the diameter increases, the anisotropy induced by finite deformations gets nullified. It is discerned that the constitutive properties of the CNT can vary with deformation in a nonlinear manner. It is also found that the CNT displays a martial softening behavior at finite tensile strains and a hardening behavior at slightly compressive strains.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_62092_d7a663dba6deaf51464ac7aa01f10ce3.pdf
2017-06-01
60
80
10.7508/jufgnsm.2017.01.08
Elastic properties
Carbon Nanotube
Multiscale modeling
Higher-order Cauchy-Born rule
Finite deformation
Abolfazl
Shahabodini
shahabodini_mech@yahoo.com
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 3756, Rasht, Iran.
AUTHOR
Reza
Ansari
r_ansari@guilan.ac.ir
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 3756, Rasht, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mansour
Darvizeh
darvizeh@guilan.ac.ir
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 3756, Rasht, Iran.
AUTHOR
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