ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Friction stir welding of ultrafine grained aluminum alloys: a review
Severe plastic deformation (SPD) has been one of promising routes to fabricate ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials, especially aluminum alloys. However, the SPD products often suffer from their small size. This issue implies the necessity of welding of UFG aluminum alloys for making them usable in complex, large forms in industries. Among various welding processes, those based on solid state welding seem to be more consistent with UFG materials. This is associated with the instability of UFG materials upon intense heating cycle that is common in fusion state welding processes. Friction stir welding (FSW) as a well-known process in the category of solid state welding is widely used for welding of aluminum alloys. This review paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of FSW of UFG aluminum alloys. To do so, specific attention is given to microstructural and textural evolutions, effect of secondary particles, and cooling medium. Applying cryogenic cooling medium as well as secondary nanoparticles could inhibit excessive grain growth in the stir zone, which were beneficial to improve the strength of the stir zone without remarkable decrease in the ductility. These processing routes did not affect the main recrystallization mechanism of the stir zone.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_81948_c82ec4a6dcc4fb4b7db5c61171fdf94e.pdf
2021-06-20
1
20
10.22059/jufgnsm.2021.01.01
Ultrafine grained aluminum
Friction stir welding
Severe Plastic Deformation
Microstructure
Texture
Electron Backscattered diffraction
Mahmoud
Sarkari Khorrami
m.khorrami@ut.ac.ir
1
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of particle size effect on antibacterial activity of copper ferrite using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and silicone rubber matrices
In this research, the dependence of CuFe2O4 particle size on the antibacterial properties was investigated. The morphology of the particles was controlled in the presence or lack of sucrose as a novel capping agent. Antibacterial properties of the CuFe2O4 nanoparticles were evaluated using the PVDF or silicon rubber matrices. The crystalline structures of the CuFe2O4 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The prepared nanostructures were more dissected using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Eventually, the copper ferrite particle size effect in PVDF and silicone rubber matrices on the antibacterial activity was investigated. The obtained results revealed significant antibacterial properties for the particles. It was found that decreasing particle size would improve antibacterial properties within both polymeric mediums. This research presents novel separable antibacterial magnetic nanostructure suspended in novel media.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_81949_b6f5fed2b1672147c0f29a87e8be0c2f.pdf
2021-06-20
21
28
10.22059/jufgnsm.2021.01.02
CuFe2O4
Antibacterial activity
Silicone rubber
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
Akbar
Mirzaei
akbarmirzaey65800@gmail.com
1
Department of chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Farzaneh
Azadi
farzaneh.azadi1373@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Institute of Higher Education, Saveh, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Peymanfar
reza_peymanfar@alumni.iust.ac.ir
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Institute of Higher Education, Saveh, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mona
Yektaei
mona_yk@yahoo.com
4
Department of chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahrzad
Javanshir
shjavan@iust.ac.ir
5
Department of chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Zener-Hollomon Parameter on Microstructure of Aluminum Based Nanocomposite Layers Produced by Friction Stir Processing
For more than a decade, there has been considerable interest in the fabrication of metal matrix composites by employing Friction Stir Processing (FSP). In this study a new model based on Zener-Hollomon (Z) parameter has been developed, which is believed to be the first of its kind, to accurately predict microstructural characteristics of Al-based composites Additionally, the processing window of composite fabrication determined and revealed that sound samples achieve within the range of 2.42 to 24.61 rev/mm for the ratio of rotation speed to travel speed (ω/ν). Recording the peak temperatures during processing beside the optical and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies showed that increasing the number of FSP passes and the ratio of ω/ν have a remarkable influence on bolstering the role of nanoparticles in grain refinement. Results also indicated that the mean grain size of FSPed samples and matrix of nanocomposites decreases with an increase in the Z parameter. Finally, particular equations for various numbers of passes developed, which make a correlation between the grain size of Al-based composites and the FSP parameters via Z parameter.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_81950_57c03b3c2854e10bf0bd62f505982d22.pdf
2021-06-20
29
39
10.22059/jufgnsm.2021.01.03
metal matrix composites
Zener-Hollomon Parameter
Friction Stir Processing
aluminum
Aziz
Shafiei-Zarghan
ashafiei@shirazu.ac.ir
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Najafi
shahin.nj96@gmail.com
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Farshid
Kashani-Bozorg
fkashani@ut.ac.ir
3
Center of Excellence for Surface Engineering and Corrosion Protection of Industries, College of Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Zarei-Hanzaki
zareih@ut.ac.ir
4
Hot Deformation and Thermomechanical Processing Laboratory of High Performance Engineering Materials, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Luo X, Yao Z, Zhang P, Gu D. Al2O3 nanoparticles reinforced Fe-Al laser cladding coatings with enhanced mechanical properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2018;755:41-54.
1
2. Visakh PM, Nazarenko OB, Sarath Chandran C, Melnikova TV, Nazarenko SY, Kim JC. Effect of electron beam irradiation on thermal and mechanical properties of aluminum based epoxy composites. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2017;136:17-22.
2
3. Harshavardhan K, Nagendran S, Shanmugasundaram A, Pravin Sankar SR, Sai Kowshik K. Investigating the effect of reinforcing SiC and graphite on aluminium alloy brake rotor using plasma spray process. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021;38:2706-12.
3
4. Narimani M, Lotfi B, Sadeghian Z. Investigating the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-TiB2 composite fabricated by Friction Stir Processing (FSP). Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016;673:436-42.
4
5. Shafiei-Zarghani A, Kashani-Bozorg SF, Zarei-Hanzaki A. Microstructures and mechanical properties of Al/Al2O3 surface nano-composite layer produced by friction stir processing. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2009;500(1-2):84-91.
5
6. Shafiei-Zarghani A, Kashani-Bozorg SF, Hanzaki AZ. Wear assessment of Al/Al2O3 nano-composite surface layer produced using friction stir processing. Wear. 2011;270(5-6):403-12.
6
7. Bourkhani RD, Eivani AR, Nateghi HR. Through-thickness inhomogeneity in microstructure and tensile properties and tribological performance of friction stir processed AA1050-Al2O3 nanocomposite. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2019;174:107061.
7
8. Qin D, Shen H, Shen Z, Chen H, Fu L. Manufacture of biodegradable magnesium alloy by high speed friction stir processing. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 2018;36:22-32.
8
9. Ardell AJ. Precipitation hardening. Metallurgical Transactions A. 1985;16(12):2131-65.
9
10. Rajeshkumar R, Udhayabanu V, Srinivasan A, Ravi KR. Microstructural evolution in ultrafine grained Al-Graphite composite synthesized via combined use of ultrasonic treatment and friction stir processing. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2017;726:358-66.
10
11. You GL, Ho NJ, Kao PW. In-situ formation of Al2O3 nanoparticles during friction stir processing of AlSiO2 composite. Materials Characterization. 2013;80:1-8.
11
12. Moghaddam M, Zarei-Hanzaki A, Pishbin MH, Shafieizad AH, Oliveira VB. Characterization of the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum alloy in early stage of severe plastic deformation. Materials Characterization. 2016;119:137-47.
12
13. Lapin J, Štamborská M, Pelachová T, Čegan T, Volodarskaja A. Hot deformation behaviour and microstructure evolution of TiAl-based alloy reinforced with carbide particles. Intermetallics. 2020;127:106962.
13
14. Jain VKS, Yazar KU, Muthukumaran S. Development and characterization of Al5083-CNTs/SiC composites via friction stir processing. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2019;798:82-92.
14
15. Razmpoosh MH, Zarei-Hanzaki A, Imandoust A. Effect of the Zener–Hollomon parameter on the microstructure evolution of dual phase TWIP steel subjected to friction stir processing. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2015;638:15-9.
15
16. Abbasi-Baharanchi M, Karimzadeh F, Enayati MH. Effects of Friction Stir Process Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Powder Metallurgy Parts. Journal of Advanced Materials and Processing. 2016 Mar 1;4(1):38-55.
16
17. Selvam K, Prakash A, Grewal HS, Arora HS. Structural refinement in austenitic stainless steel by submerged friction stir processing. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2017;197:200-7.
17
18. Xu N, Feng R-N, Guo W-F, Song Q-N, Bao Y-F. Effect of Zener–Hollomon Parameter on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Copper Subjected to Friction Stir Welding. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters). 2019;33(2):319-26.
18
19. Ammouri AH, Kheireddine AH, Hamade RF. A Numerical Model for Predicting the Zener-Hollomon Parameter in the Friction Stir Processing of AZ31B. Materials Science Forum. 2014;783-786:93-9.
19
20. Chang CI, Lee CJ, Huang JC. Relationship between grain size and Zener–Holloman parameter during friction stir processing in AZ31 Mg alloys. Scripta Materialia. 2004;51(6):509-14.
20
21. Frigaard Ø, Grong Ø, Midling OT. A process model for friction stir welding of age hardening aluminum alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2001;32(5):1189-200.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study on supercapacitance performance of TiO2 nanotube arrays modified by non-metal doping and Polyaniline electrodeposition methods
Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays were synthesized by a two-step anodizing method. Although TiO2 nanotubes have excellent electrical and capacitive properties because they provide a unidirectional path for electron transfer. But these properties can be improved by effective methods such as non-metallic doping or by a conductive polymer. For this purpose, nitrogen and hydrogen doping methods and electrical deposition of polyaniline were used simultaneously to prepare the polyaniline-TiO2, polyaniline/N-TiO2, and polyaniline/H-TiO2 nanotube arrays samples. To evaluate the electrochemical and capacitive properties in more detail, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Matt-Schottky, and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests were performed. The results showed that the composite of TiO2 doped with hydrogen and deposited with polyaniline nanowires had the highest capacitance (5666 µF.Cm-2) at the current density of 100 µA/cm2, approximately 4.5 times more than polyaniline/TiO2 sample. It also has the lowest charge transfer resistance (0.008 Ωcm2) and the highest charge carrier density (1.63×1024cm-3). Increasing the density of charge carriers and decreasing the electrical resistance can be attributed to the fact that the hydrogen doping, the presence of oxygen vacancies, and conductive polymer increase the rate of separation of the charge carriers and decrease their recombination rate. Therefore, the electron transfer rate and the electric current increase.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_81951_7ecc0a28d1b1925496bc30602f46fbf0.pdf
2021-06-20
40
50
10.22059/jufgnsm.2021.01.04
TiO2 nanotube arrays
Non-metal doping
Polyaniline
EIS
Capacitive performance
Sh.
Khameneh Asl
khameneh@tabrizu.ac.ir
1
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehri
maghsoudi
mehri.maghsoudi98@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Faezeh
Gorbani
f.ghorbani.eng20@gmial.com
3
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Miller JR, Simon P. MATERIALS SCIENCE: Electrochemical Capacitors for Energy Management. Science. 2008;321(5889):651-2.
1
2. Kötz R, Carlen M. Principles and applications of electrochemical capacitors. Electrochimica Acta. 2000;45(15-16):2483-98.
2
3. Wang Y, Song Y, Xia Y. Electrochemical capacitors: mechanism, materials, systems, characterization and applications. Chemical Society Reviews. 2016;45(21):5925-50.
3
4. Hall PJ, Mirzaeian M, Fletcher SI, Sillars FB, Rennie AJR, Shitta-Bey GO, et al. Energy storage in electrochemical capacitors: designing functional materials to improve performance. Energy & Environmental Science. 2010;3(9):1238.
4
5. Simon P, Gogotsi Y. Materials for electrochemical capacitors. Nanoscience and Technology: Co-Published with Macmillan Publishers Ltd, UK; 2009. p. 320-9.
5
6. Wang G, Zhang L, Zhang J. A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors. Chem Soc Rev. 2012;41(2):797-828.
6
7. Roy P, Berger S, Schmuki P. TiO2 Nanotubes: Synthesis and Applications. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2011;50(13):2904-39.
7
8. Lee K, Mazare A, Schmuki P. One-Dimensional Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Nanotubes. Chemical Reviews. 2014;114(19):9385-454.
8
9. Ge M-Z, Cao C-Y, Huang J-Y, Li S-H, Zhang S-N, Deng S, et al. Synthesis, modification, and photo/photoelectrocatalytic degradation applications of TiO2 nanotube arrays: a review. Nanotechnology Reviews. 2016;5(1).
9
10. Peighambardoust NS, Khameneh Asl S, Mohammadpour R, Asl SK. Band-gap narrowing and electrochemical properties in N-doped and reduced anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays. Electrochimica Acta. 2018;270:245-55.
10
11. Peighambardoust NS, Khameneh Asl S, Maghsoudi M. The effect of doping concentration of TiO2 nanotubes on energy levels and its direct correlation with photocatalytic activity. Thin Solid Films. 2019;690:137558.
11
12. Wu H, Li D, Zhu X, Yang C, Liu D, Chen X, et al. High-performance and renewable supercapacitors based on TiO2 nanotube array electrodes treated by an electrochemical doping approach. Electrochimica Acta. 2014;116:129-36.
12
13. Samsudin NA, Zainal Z, Lim HN, Sulaiman Y, Chang S-K, Lim Y-C, et al. Enhancement of Capacitive Performance in Titania Nanotubes Modified by an Electrochemical Reduction Method. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2018;2018:1-9.
13
14. Stejskal J, Kratochvíl P, Jenkins AD. The formation of polyaniline and the nature of its structures. Polymer. 1996;37(2):367-9.
14
15. Ćirić-Marjanović G. Recent advances in polyaniline research: Polymerization mechanisms, structural aspects, properties and applications. Synthetic Metals. 2013;177:1-47.
15
16. Nicolas-Debarnot D, Poncin-Epaillard F. Polyaniline as a new sensitive layer for gas sensors. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2003;475(1-2):1-15.
16
17. Xiao T, Wang X, Wang X, Li Z, Zhang L, Lv P, et al. Effects of monomer solvent on the supercapacitance performance of PANI/TiO2 nanotube arrays composite electrode. Materials Letters. 2018;230:245-8.
17
18. Zhao S, Chen Y, Zhao Z, Jiang L, Zhang C, Kong J, et al. Enhanced capacitance of TiO2 nanotubes topped with nanograss by H3PO4 soaking and hydrogenation doping. Electrochimica Acta. 2018;266:233-41.
18
19. Xing J, Zhang W, Yin M, Zhu X, Li D, Song Y. Electrodeposition of polyaniline in long TiO2 nanotube arrays for high-areal capacitance supercapacitor electrodes. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 2017;21(8):2349-54.
19
20. Faraji M. Interlaced polyaniline/carbon nanotube nanocomposite co-electrodeposited on TiO2 nanotubes/Ti for high-performance supercapacitors. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 2017;22(3):677-84.
20
21. Wang S, Xia Z, Li Q, Zhang Y. Fabrication of Polyaniline/Self-Doped TiO2Nanotubes Hybrids as Supercapacitor Electrode by Microwave-Assisted Chemical Reduction and Electrochemical Deposition. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2017;164(13):D901-D7.
21
22. Gvozdenovic M, Jugovic B, Stevanovic J, Grgur B. Electrochemical synthesis of electroconducting polymers. Chemical Industry. 2014;68(6):673-84.
22
23. Lu Z, Yip C-T, Wang L, Huang H, Zhou L. Hydrogenated TiO2Nanotube Arrays as High-Rate Anodes for Lithium-Ion Microbatteries. ChemPlusChem. 2012;77(11):991-1000.
23
24. Shao Q, Wang Y, Ge S, Bao L, Yang M, Zhu Y. Electrodeposition Synthesis of Polyaniline-Modified TiO2Nanotube Arrays with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Property. Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society. 2015;74(3):152-6.
24
25. Hashemi Monfared A, Jamshidi M. Synthesis of polyaniline/titanium dioxide nanocomposite (PAni/TiO2) and its application as photocatalyst in acrylic pseudo paint for benzene removal under UV/VIS lights. Progress in Organic Coatings. 2019;136:105257.
25
26. Lai L, Yang H, Wang L, Teh BK, Zhong J, Chou H, et al. Preparation of Supercapacitor Electrodes through Selection of Graphene Surface Functionalities. ACS Nano. 2012;6(7):5941-51.
26
27. Lasia A. Semiconductors and Mott-Schottky Plots. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and its Applications: Springer New York; 2013. p. 251-5.
27
28. Xie K, Li J, Lai Y, Zhang Za, Liu Y, Zhang G, et al. Polyaniline nanowire array encapsulated in titania nanotubes as a superior electrode for supercapacitors. Nanoscale. 2011;3(5):2202.
28
29. Chen J, Xia Z, Li H, Li Q, Zhang Y. Preparation of highly capacitive polyaniline/black TiO2 nanotubes as supercapacitor electrode by hydrogenation and electrochemical deposition. Electrochimica Acta. 2015;166:174-82.
29
30. Appadurai T, Subramaniyam C, Kuppusamy R, Karazhanov S, Subramanian B. Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen-Doped TiO(2) Nanotubes as Electrode Material for Supercapacitor and Li-Ion Battery. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2019;24(16):2952.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimizing the Stabilization Temperature of Electrospun PAN Fibers Used for Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers
Electrospinning, stabilization and carbonization are three steps of synthesizing electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNF), using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor. In this study, the effect of the stabilization temperature was studied on the morphology and chemical state of the electrospun PAN fibers, which were later carbonized to produce carbon nanofibers. the stabilization was carried out on electrospun PAN fibers, at different temperatures of 230 °C, 240 °C, 250 °C and 280 °C for 2h with a heating rate of 2 °C/min. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to inspect the progress of stabilization reactions. The crystallinity and composition was studied by X ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of the fibers. The results showed that 230 oC is the best stabilization temperature in which not only all expected reactions take place but also the fibrous morphology is preserved. Higher temperatures led to destruction of the fibrous morphology.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_81953_38770e163f813f4016a6c47d119a5e68.pdf
2021-06-20
51
57
10.22059/jufgnsm.2021.01.05
Electrospinning
PAN
Stabilization
CNF
zahra
yousefi
zar.y1375@gmail.com
1
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Nafiseh
Koohestani
nfs7575@yahoo.com
2
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
danesh
amiri
amiri.danesh89@yahoo.com
3
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Robabeh
Abdinia
abdinia.fahime@gmail.com
4
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
ata
Kamyabi-Gol
kamyabig@ualberta.ca
5
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Elham
Kamali Heidari
ekh@connect.ust.hk
6
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Jalili R, Morshed M, Ravandi SAH. Fundamental parameters affecting electrospinning of PAN nanofibers as uniaxially aligned fibers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2006;101(6):4350-7.
1
2. Dhakate SR, Gupta A, Chaudhari A, Tawale J, Mathur RB. Morphology and thermal properties of PAN copolymer based electrospun nanofibers. Synthetic Metals. 2011;161(5-6):411-9.
2
3. Thompson CJ, Chase GG, Yarin AL, Reneker DH. Effects of parameters on nanofiber diameter determined from electrospinning model. Polymer. 2007;48(23):6913-22.
3
4. Qin X-H. Structure and property of electrospinning PAN nanofibers by different preoxidation temperature. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2009;99(2):571-5.
4
5. Gu SY, Ren J, Wu QL. Preparation and structures of electrospun PAN nanofibers as a precursor of carbon nanofibers. Synthetic Metals. 2005;155(1):157-61.
5
6. Begum HA, Khan KR. Study on the various types of needle based and needleless electrospinning system for nanofiber production. Int. J. Text. Sci. 2017;6:110-7.
6
7. Zhang B, Kang F, Tarascon J-M, Kim J-K. Recent advances in electrospun carbon nanofibers and their application in electrochemical energy storage. Progress in Materials Science. 2016;76:319-80.
7
8. Feng L, Xie N, Zhong J. Carbon Nanofibers and Their Composites: A Review of Synthesizing, Properties and Applications. Materials (Basel). 2014;7(5):3919-45.
8
9. Kil H-S, Jang SY, Ko S, Jeon YP, Kim H-C, Joh H-I, et al. Effects of stabilization variables on mechanical properties of isotropic pitch based carbon fibers. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2018;58:349-56.
9
10. Rahaman MSA, Ismail AF, Mustafa A. A review of heat treatment on polyacrylonitrile fiber. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2007;92(8):1421-32.
10
11. Yamane A, Sawai D, Kameda T, Kanamoto T, Ito M, Porter RS. Development of High Ductility and Tensile Properties upon Two-Stage Draw of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Poly(acrylonitrile). Macromolecules. 1997;30(14):4170-8.
11
12. Liu J, Zhou P, Zhang L, Ma Z, Liang J, Fong H. Thermo-chemical reactions occurring during the oxidative stabilization of electrospun polyacrylonitrile precursor nanofibers and the resulting structural conversions. Carbon. 2009;47(4):1087-95.
12
13. Zhang P, Shao C, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Mu J, Guo Z, et al. In situ assembly of well-dispersed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) on electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Nanoscale. 2011;3(8):3357.
13
14. Sun G, Sun L, Xie H, Liu J. Electrospinning of Nanofibers for Energy Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2016;6(7):129.
14
15. Shi X, Zhou W, Ma D, Ma Q, Bridges D, Ma Y, et al. Electrospinning of Nanofibers and Their Applications for Energy Devices. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2015;2015:1-20.
15
16. Faccini M, Borja G, Boerrigter M, Morillo Martín D, Martìnez Crespiera S, Vázquez-Campos S, et al. Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Membranes for Filtration of Nanoparticles from Water. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2015;2015:1-9.
16
17. Mao X, Simeon F, Rutledge GC, Hatton TA. Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Webs with Controlled Density of States for Sensor Applications. Advanced Materials. 2012;25(9):1309-14.
17
18. Hong X, Chung DDL. Carbon nanofiber mats for electromagnetic interference shielding. Carbon. 2017;111:529-37.
18
19. Zhou Z, Lai C, Zhang L, Qian Y, Hou H, Reneker DH, et al. Development of carbon nanofibers from aligned electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber bundles and characterization of their microstructural, electrical, and mechanical properties. Polymer. 2009;50(13):2999-3006.
19
20. Alarifi IM, Khan WS, Asmatulu R. Synthesis of electrospun polyacrylonitrile- derived carbon fibers and comparison of properties with bulk form. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0201345-e.
20
21. Fitzer E, Frohs W, Heine M. Optimization of stabilization and carbonization treatment of PAN fibres and structural characterization of the resulting carbon fibres. Carbon. 1986;24(4):387-95.
21
22. Nie G, Zhao X, Luan Y, Jiang J, Kou Z, Wang J. Key issues facing electrospun carbon nanofibers in energy applications: on-going approaches and challenges. Nanoscale. 2020;12(25):13225-48.
22
23. Yusof N, Ismail AF, Jaafar J, Salleh WNW, Hasbullah H. Effects of Stabilization Temperature on the Chemical and the Physical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Stabilized Fibers. Advanced Materials Research. 2015;1112:402-5.
23
24. Wu M, Wang Q, Li K, Wu Y, Liu H. Optimization of stabilization conditions for electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2012;97(8):1511-9.
24
25. Esrafilzadeh D, Morshed M, Tavanai H. An investigation on the stabilization of special polyacrylonitrile nanofibers as carbon or activated carbon nanofiber precursor. Synthetic Metals. 2009;159(3-4):267-72.
25
26. Duan Q, Wang B, Wang H. Effects of Stabilization Temperature on Structures and Properties of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-Based Stabilized Electrospun Nanofiber Mats. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B. 2012;51(12):2428-37.
26
27. Abouali S, Akbari Garakani M, Zhang B, Xu Z-L, Kamali Heidari E, Huang J-q, et al. Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers with in Situ Encapsulated Co3O4 Nanoparticles as Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2015;7(24):13503-11.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and antibacterial performance of Ag/Co2O3/g-C3N4 nanocomposite
The Ag/Co2O3/g-C3N4 as a novel nanocomposite was synthesized using a facile strategy by “one pot” method. The as-prepared nanocomposite was applied to improve the antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques. The strong interaction beetween the plans of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and other particles can be resulted to stable nanocomposite. The zone inhibition of nanocomposite was determined for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The findings showed the better activity of as-prepared nanocomposite against Gram negative bacteria rather to Gram positive bacteria. The Ag/Co2O3/g-C3N4 was shown good antibacterial effect compared to g-C3N4 and Ag patricles. Further, Colony Forming Unit was indicated the antibacterial behavior of as-prepared composite. The present study can explain insight into the synthesis of heterojunction composite for disinfection.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_81954_43a58a213894363ddffef75bfa5d78c7.pdf
2021-06-20
58
63
10.22059/jufgnsm.2021.01.06
Biomaterials
nanoparticles
graphitic carbon nitride
Antibacterial activity
mahdieh
chegeni
mahdieh.chegeni@abru.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
mozhgan
mehri
mozhgan.mehri@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran
AUTHOR
zahra
Shokri Rozbahani
zahra.sh.ru@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Hrudey SE. Chlorination disinfection by-products, public health risk tradeoffs and me. Water Research. 2009;43(8):2057-92.
1
2. Huh AJ, Kwon YJ. “Nanoantibiotics”: A new paradigm for treating infectious diseases using nanomaterials in the antibiotics resistant era. Journal of Controlled Release. 2011;156(2):128-45.
2
3. Wang X, Maeda K, Thomas A, Takanabe K, Xin G, Carlsson JM, et al. A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light. Nature Materials. 2008;8(1):76-80.
3
4. Chegeni M, Mousavi Z, Soleymani M, Dehdashtian S. Removal of aspirin from aqueous solutions using graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet: Theoretical and experimental studies. Diamond and Related Materials. 2020;101:107621.
4
5. Low J, Yu J, Jaroniec M, Wageh S, Al-Ghamdi AA. Heterojunction Photocatalysts. Advanced Materials. 2017;29(20):1601694.
5
6. Mamba G, Mishra AK. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) nanocomposites: A new and exciting generation of visible light driven photocatalysts for environmental pollution remediation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2016;198:347-77.
6
7. Lam S-M, Sin J-C, Mohamed AR. A review on photocatalytic application of g-C3N4/semiconductor (CNS) nanocomposites towards the erasure of dyeing wastewater. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. 2016;47:62-84.
7
8. Huang D, Chen S, Zeng G, Gong X, Zhou C, Cheng M, et al. Artificial Z-scheme photocatalytic system: What have been done and where to go? Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 2019;385:44-80.
8
9. Yuan Y-P, Cao S-W, Liao Y-S, Yin L-S, Xue C. Red phosphor/g-C3N4 heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activities for solar fuels production. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2013;140-141:164-8.
9
10. Chegeni M, Goudarzi F, Soleymani M. Synthesis, Characterization and Application of V 2 O 5 /S‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanocomposite for Removing of Organic Pollutants. ChemistrySelect. 2019;4(46):13736-45.
10
11. Wang Z-T, Xu J-L, Zhou H, Zhang X. Facile synthesis of Zn(II)-doped g-C3N4 and their enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. Rare Metals. 2019;38(5):459-67.
11
12. Qin J, Huo J, Zhang P, Zeng J, Wang T, Zeng H. Improving the photocatalytic hydrogen production of Ag/g-C3N4 nanocomposites by dye-sensitization under visible light irradiation. Nanoscale. 2016;8(4):2249-59.
12
13. Hou Y, Ndamanisha JC, Guo L-p, Peng X-j, Bai J. Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon/cobalt oxide nanocomposite for determination of glutathione. Electrochimica Acta. 2009;54(26):6166-71.
13
14. Adhikari SP, Pant HR, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Park CH, Kim CS. One pot synthesis and characterization of Ag-ZnO/g-C3N4 photocatalyst with improved photoactivity and antibacterial properties. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2015;482:477-84.
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22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Conductive Bio-Copolymers based on Pectin-Polycaprolactone/Polyaniline and Tissue Engineering Application Thereof
Development of biopolymers possessing both biodegradable and electrically conducting properties has attracted a huge interest in the biomedical field. These systems have some benefitials in wound healing and reducing the long-term health risks. In this study, the pectin-polycaprolactone (Pec-PCL) copolymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization. Subsequently, the solutions of the synthesized Pec-PCL and homopolyaniline (H-PANI) were blended in various ratios and their conductivity properties were measured by cyclic voltammetry and the composition of 80:20 was selected for electrospinning process because of the suitable electroactive behavior and biodegradability. The morphology, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties of the nanofibers were thoroughly investigated. Resulted scaffolds represented a porous structure with large surface area (110–130 nm) and Young’s modulus of 1615 ± 32 MPa, which imitated the natural microenvironment of extra cellular matrix (ECM) to regulate the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. The results demonstrated that these electrospun nanofibers could be potentially applied in biomedical such as tissue engineering.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_81956_fd304098e3fd0139e9508be4ab3be948.pdf
2021-06-20
64
72
10.22059/jufgnsm.2021.01.07
Conductive polymer
Pectin
PCL
Polyaniline
biodegradability
Raana
Sarvari
raanasarvari@yahoo.com
1
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Nouri
mohammad6nouri@yahoo.com
2
Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Leila
Roshangar
leilaroshangar4ty@yahoo.com
3
Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Sadegh
Gholami Farashah
mohammadsadeghgholami9farashah@yahoo.com
4
Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Amirhouman
Sadrhaghighi
amirhoumanssadrhaghighi@yahoo.com
5
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Samira
Agbolaghi
s_agbolaghi@sut.ac.ir
6
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Peyman
Keyhanvar
regenerative.md@gmail.com
7
Stem Cell Research Center, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical
LEAD_AUTHOR
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64
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Function finding via genetic expression programming to predict microhardness of Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings
A new proposing model based on gene expression programming (GEP) to predict the microhardness of Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposite coating was the subject of the present study. Accordingly, a series of the laboratory experiments was designed by the factorial D-optimal array. This was accomplished by considering the most effecting practical electrodeposition parameters including the amount of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the bath, current density, temperature, magnetic stirring rate, time of stirring, and plating time as the input and the microhardness of the coating as the output of model. Various performance criteria including determination (R2) coefficient, the mean absolute error (MAE), and the root relative squared error (RRSE) were utilized to evaluate the developed models. Finally, the model with R2 = 0.9752, MAE = 0.030 and RRSE = 0.158 was developed as the optimum proposed function. Also, the results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed that the current density was the most effective parameter, while the amount of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the bath, plating time, magnetic stirring rate, time of stirring, and temperature had relatively lower effect. In conclusion, the exclusive features of the GEP simulation have been approved to determine Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings microhardness.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_81957_35a4d3e9c8165f2fd75cf21d5b4737cb.pdf
2021-06-20
73
84
10.22059/jufgnsm.2021.01.08
Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposite
microhardness
Electrodeposition
Gene Expression Programming
Mahboubeh
Dehestani
dehestani2012@gmail.com
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Gholam
Khayati
khayatireza@gmail.com
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahriar
Sharafi
sh.sharafi@uk.ac.ir
3
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
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6. Jiang SW, Yang L, Pang JN, Lin H, Wang ZQ. Electrodeposition of Ni-Al2O3 composite coatings with combined addition of SDS and HPB surfactants. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2016;286:197-205.
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20
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24. García-Lecina E, García-Urrutia I, Díez JA, Morgiel J, Indyka P. A comparative study of the effect of mechanical and ultrasound agitation on the properties of electrodeposited Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2012;206(11-12):2998-3005.
24
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26
27. Ferreira C, Gepsoft, U. What is gene expression programming; 2008.
27
28. Mollahasani A, Alavi AH, Gandomi AH. Empirical modeling of plate load test moduli of soil via gene expression programming. Computers and Geotechnics. 2011;38(2):281-6.
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29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of cathode size on the morphology of the anodized TiO2 nanotube photocatalyst
Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) were synthesized via an electrochemical anodization process. The influence of increasing the cathode surface area on the microstructure and order of the final product was investigated. To study the microstructure of the synthesized nanotubes, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed. The degree of crystallinity and the characteristic of synthesized nanostructure was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The porous initiation layer covering the tube-top became thinner and lost its’ integrity, as a consequence of employing a larger cathode. This is due to the enhanced reaction sites followed by intensifying the electrochemical reaction in the anodic oxidation processes. In contrast, a small surface area of the cathode made it possible to control the obtained nanostructure with no damages to the surface morphology. The average diameter of the surface nanopores increased from 60 to 67 nm by increasing the cathode surface area. Optical characterization demonstrates that the bandgap of the synthesized TiO2 nanotubes is about 3.2 eV. In the process of methylene blue (MB) degradation, the photocatalytic activity of the TNTs with an ordered initiation layer reaches 69% after 480 min irradiation.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_81959_9f11e9f71de597eee9c1a556fb9dff8d.pdf
2021-06-20
85
92
10.22059/jufgnsm.2021.01.09
Anodization
TiO2 nanotubes
Cathode area
Photocatalyst
Elham
Montakhab
elham.montkhab@ut.ac.ir
1
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fereshteh
Rashchi
rashchi@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeed
Sheibani
ssheibani@ut.ac.ir
3
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Lai Y, Sun L, Chen Y, Zhuang H, Lin C, Chin JW. Effects of the Structure of TiO2 Nanotube Array on Ti Substrate on Its Photocatalytic Activity. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2006;153(7):D123.
1
2. Daghrir R, Drogui P, Robert D. Modified TiO2For Environmental Photocatalytic Applications: A Review. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2013;52(10):3581-99.
2
3. Paramasivam I, Jha H, Liu N, Schmuki P. A Review of Photocatalysis using Self-organized TiO2Nanotubes and Other Ordered Oxide Nanostructures. Small. 2012;8(20):3073-103.
3
4. Nah Y-C, Paramasivam I, Schmuki P. Doped TiO2 and TiO2 Nanotubes: Synthesis and Applications. ChemPhysChem. 2010;11(13):2698-713.
4
5. Moalej NS, Ahadi S, Sheibani S. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by 2 wt.% Fe doped TiO2 nanopowder under visible light irradiation. Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials. 2019 Dec 1;52(2):133-41.
5
6. Shafei A, Sheibani S. Effect of hydrolysis rate on the properties of TiO2-CNT nanocomposite powder prepared by sol-gel method. Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials. 2018 Jun 1;51(1):90-5.
6
7. Ansari F, Sheibani S, Caudillo-Flores U, Fernández-García M. Effect of calcination process on the gas phase photodegradation by CuO-Cu2O/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst. Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials. 2020 Jun 1;53(1):23-30.
7
8. Zhuang H-F, Lin C-J, Lai Y-K, Sun L, Li J. Some Critical Structure Factors of Titanium Oxide Nanotube Array in Its Photocatalytic Activity. Environmental Science & Technology. 2007;41(13):4735-40.
8
9. Chen Z, Fang L, Dong W, Zheng F, Shen M, Wang J. Inverse opal structured Ag/TiO2plasmonic photocatalyst prepared by pulsed current deposition and its enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. J Mater Chem A. 2014;2(3):824-32.
9
10. Regonini D, Schmidt A, Aneziris CG, Graule T, Clemens FJ. Impact of the Anodizing Potential on the Electron Transport Properties of Nb-doped TiO2 Nanotubes. Electrochimica Acta. 2015;169:210-8.
10
11. Pang YL, Lim S, Ong HC, Chong WT. A critical review on the recent progress of synthesizing techniques and fabrication of TiO2-based nanotubes photocatalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2014;481:127-42.
11
12. Huang C-y, Guo R-t, Pan W-g, Tang J-y, Zhou W-g, Liu X-y, et al. One-dimension TiO2 nanostructures with enhanced activity for CO2 photocatalytic reduction. Applied Surface Science. 2019;464:534-43.
12
13. Dikici T, Demirci S, Erol M. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of micro/nano textured TiO2 surfaces prepared by sandblasting/acid-etching/anodizing process. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2017;694:246-52.
13
14. Mazzarolo A, Lee K, Vicenzo A, Schmuki P. Anodic TiO2 nanotubes: Influence of top morphology on their photocatalytic performance. Electrochemistry communications. 2012 Aug 1;22:162-5.
14
15. Montakhab E, Rashchi F, Sheibani S. Modification and photocatalytic activity of open channel TiO2 nanotubes array synthesized by anodization process. Applied Surface Science. 2020;534:147581.
15
16. Cai Q, Paulose M, Varghese OK, Grimes CA. The Effect of Electrolyte Composition on the Fabrication of Self-Organized Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays by Anodic Oxidation. Journal of Materials Research. 2005;20(1):230-6.
16
17. Allam NK, Grimes CA. Effect of cathode material on the morphology and photoelectrochemical properties of vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 2008;92(11):1468-75.
17
18. López R, Gómez R, Llanos ME. Photophysical and photocatalytic properties of nanosized copper-doped titania sol–gel catalysts. Catalysis Today. 2009;148(1-2):103-8.
18
19. Regonini D, Jaroenworaluck A, Stevens R, Bowen CR. Effect of heat treatment on the properties and structure of TiO2 nanotubes: phase composition and chemical composition. Surface and Interface Analysis. 2010;42(3):139-44.
19
20. Regonini D, Bowen CR, Jaroenworaluck A, Stevens R. A review of growth mechanism, structure and crystallinity of anodized TiO2 nanotubes. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports. 2013;74(12):377-406.
20
21. Martin M, Leonid S, Tomáš R, Jan Š, Jaroslav K, Mariana K, et al. Anatase TiO 2 nanotube arrays and titania films on titanium mesh for photocatalytic NO X removal and water cleaning. Catalysis Today. 2017;287:59-64.
21
22. Eskandarloo H, Hashempour M, Vicenzo A, Franz S, Badiei A, Behnajady MA, et al. High-temperature stable anatase-type TiO2 nanotube arrays: A study of the structure–activity relationship. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2016;185:119-32.
22
23. Ozkan S, Nguyen NT, Mazare A, Hahn R, Cerri I, Schmuki P. Fast growth of TiO 2 nanotube arrays with controlled tube spacing based on a self-ordering process at two different scales. Electrochemistry Communications. 2017;77:98-102.
23
24. Bonatto F, Venturini J, Frantz AC, dos Santos TCL, Bergmann CP, Brolo AG. One-step synthesis of nanograss-free TiO2 nanotubes using DTPA-enriched electrolytes. Ceramics International. 2018;44(18):22345-51.
24
25. Jaroenworaluck A, Regonini D, Bowen CR, Stevens R, Allsopp D. Macro, micro and nanostructure of TiO2 anodised films prepared in a fluorine-containing electrolyte. Journal of Materials Science. 2007;42(16):6729-34.
25
26. Li H, Chen Z, Tsang CK, Li Z, Ran X, Lee C, et al. Electrochemical doping of anatase TiO2in organic electrolytes for high-performance supercapacitors and photocatalysts. J Mater Chem A. 2014;2(1):229-36.
26
27. Sangpour P, Hashemi F, Moshfegh AZ. Photoenhanced Degradation of Methylene Blue on Cosputtered M:TiO2(M = Au, Ag, Cu) Nanocomposite Systems: A Comparative Study. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2010;114(33):13955-61.
27
28. Houas A. Photocatalytic degradation pathway of methylene blue in water. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2001;31(2):145-57.
28
29. Soltani T, Entezari MH. Photolysis and photocatalysis of methylene blue by ferrite bismuth nanoparticles under sunlight irradiation. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical. 2013;377:197-203.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In vitro Corrosion Behavior and Biological Properties of Magnesium- Zinc-Calcium Alloy Coated with Polycaprolactone Nanofibers
Magnesium alloys have received great attention for the medical applications due to their desired properties.But the main problem of magnesium alloys is the high rate of degradation which provides not enough time for healing.Therefore, in this study, it was tried to control the corrosion rate of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy by applying a nanofiber of polycaprolactone polymer coating and investigate the behaviors such as biocompatibility and rate of degradation. For this purpose, the polymer nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning method and applied on the surface of magnesium-zinc (4 wt. %) -calcium (2 wt. %) alloy, and the corrosion behavior and biological properties were compared with the uncoated alloy. corrosion behavior was measured with Tafel polarization test as well as hydrogen test in body fluid simulation solution, measurement of the pH of the solution after sample destruction, wettability angle test, cytotoxicity test and cell adhesion test.The Tafel polarization test showed that the applied coating increased the corrosion potential from -1.5 to -0.6 volts and corrosion rate reduced by about two order of magnitudes. The amount of hydrogen emitted by the corrosion reaction in the coated sample was much less than that of the uncoated sample. Biocompatibility test showed that the cytotoxicity of the coated sample was 8% lower than that of the uncoated sample. In the cell adhesion test, it was observed that far more cells adhered onto the surface of the coated sample compared to the uncoated sample. The wettability angle on the surface of the coated sample was 128° while that of the uncoated sample was 100°, due to the inherent hydrophobicity of this polymer. Despite the hydrophobicity of polycaprolactone polymer, which is not favorable for cell growth, due to the high biocompatibility of this polymer, coating Mg alloys with this method and material could have some advantages for future implants.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_81960_c2e30182cc5d46c53fd121f30462394e.pdf
2021-06-20
93
100
10.22059/jufgnsm.2021.01.10
Magnesium alloy
Polycaprolactone polymer
Electrospinning
In vitro corrosion
Biocompatibility
SeyedeHosna
Hadavi
hosnahadavi1996@gmail.com
1
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Reza
Soltani
rsoltani@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elnaz
Tamjid
tamjid@modares.ac.ir
3
Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Rouhollah
Mehdinavaz Aghdam
mehdinavaz@ut.ac.ir
4
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Biomaterials. CRC Press; 2012.
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20. van der Giessen WJ, Lincoff AM, Schwartz RS, van Beusekom HMM, Serruys PW, Holmes DR, et al. Marked Inflammatory Sequelae to Implantation of Biodegradable and Nonbiodegradable Polymers in Porcine Coronary Arteries. Circulation. 1996;94(7):1690-7.
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21. Qin X, Wu D. Effect of different solvents on poly(caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun nonwoven membranes. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2011;107(3):1007-13.
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23. Panahi Z, Tamjid E, Rezaei M. Surface modification of biodegradable AZ91 magnesium alloy by electrospun polymer nanocomposite: Evaluation of in vitro degradation and cytocompatibility. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2020;386:125461.
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24. Kokubo T, Takadama H. How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity? Biomaterials. 2006;27(15):2907-15.
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25. Reifenrath J, Bormann D, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Magnesium Alloys as Promising Degradable Implant Materials in Orthopaedic Research. Magnesium Alloys - Corrosion and Surface Treatments: InTech; 2011.
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26. Fukumoto S, Sugahara K, Yamamoto A, Tsubakino H. Improvement of Corrosion Resistance and Adhesion of Coating Layer for Magnesium Alloy Coated with High Purity Magnesium. MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS. 2003;44(4):518-23.
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27. Witte F, Hort N, Vogt C, Cohen S, Kainer KU, Willumeit R, et al. Degradable biomaterials based on magnesium corrosion. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science. 2008;12(5-6):63-72.
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29. Bahmani A, Arthanari S, Shin KS. Formulation of corrosion rate of magnesium alloys using microstructural parameters. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys. 2020;8(1):134-49.
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30. Ho Y-H, Vora HD, Dahotre NB. Laser surface modification of AZ31B Mg alloy for bio-wettability. Journal of Biomaterials Applications. 2014;29(7):915-28.
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35. Soujanya GK, Hanas T, Chakrapani VY, Sunil BR, Kumar TSS. Electrospun Nanofibrous Polymer Coated Magnesium Alloy for Biodegradable Implant Applications. Procedia Materials Science. 2014;5:817-23.
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of in-situ synthesis of alumina reinforcement and comparative flexural behavior with respect to ex-situ Al2O3 reinforced copper composite
Ex-situ and in-situ reinforced copper matrix composite samples containing 1.1 wt. % and 2 wt. % Al2O3 were produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 830 °C and holding time of 30 min. In-situ reinforced sample was synthesized by a novel technique using the reaction between ball-milled copper oxide and Cu-10 wt. % Al filings as the additive and copper powder. The in-situ formation of alumina reinforcement was confirmed by SEM observation and EDS analysis. Morphology and distribution of reinforcement phase in different composite samples were studied. The in-situ reinforced composite sample showed superior flexural fracture strength and strain (349 MPa and 0.027, respectively). Different patterns of crack propagation were observed in the SEM images of fracture surfaces: the reinforcement’s interface path (due to the formation of undesired oxide phase) was dominant in the ex-situ samples, while the interface of in-situ reinforcements remained intact and the cracks originated in the agglomeration sites.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_81962_cbfbec17abc129e24a3e62735f663a11.pdf
2021-06-20
101
111
10.22059/jufgnsm.2021.01.11
in-situ Al2O3 reinforcement
copper matrix composite
Flexural Strength
fracture behavior
Maoud
Khodabakhshzade Fallah
masoud.kho@gmail.com
1
Department of Metallurgy & Ceramics, College of Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeid
Ghesmati Tabrizi
s_ghesmati@yahoo.com
2
Department of Metallurgy & Ceramics, College of Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sheida
Seyedi
sseyyedy@yahoo.com
3
Department of Metallurgy & Ceramics, College of Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Lee DW, Ha GH, Kim BK. Synthesis of Cu-Al 2 O 3 nano composite powder. Scripta Materialia. 2001;44(8-9):2137-40.
1
2. Fu Y, Pan Q, Cao Z, Li S, Huo Y. Strength and electrical conductivity behavior of nanoparticles reaction on new alumina dispersion-strengthened copper alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2019;798:616-21.
2
3. Zhang X, Lin C, Cui S, Li Z. Characteristics of Nano-alumina Particles Dispersion Strengthened Copper Fabricated by Reaction Synthesis. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering. 2016;45(4):893-6.
3
4. Tjong SC, Lau KC. Tribological behaviour of SiC particle-reinforced copper matrix composites. Materials Letters. 2000;43(5-6):274-80.
4
5. Guobin L, jibing S, Quanmei G, Ru W. Fabrication of the nanometer Al2O3/Cu composite by internal oxidation. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2005;170(1-2):336-40.
5
6. Qin YQ, Wu YC, Wang DB, Li P, Huang XM, Zheng YC. Influence of SiC Particle Size on the Wear Properties of SiC/Cu Composites. Advanced Materials Research. 2011;311-313:635-9.
6
7. Moazami-Goudarzi M, Nemati A. Tribological behavior of self lubricating Cu/MoS2 composites fabricated by powder metallurgy. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2018;28(5):946-56.
7
8. Liang S, Li W, Jiang Y, Cao F, Dong G, Xiao P. Microstructures and properties of hybrid copper matrix composites reinforced by TiB whiskers and TiB2 particles. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2019;797:589-94.
8
9. Shuai J, Xiong L-q, Zhu L, Li W-z. Effects of ply-orientation on microstructure and properties of super-aligned carbon nanotube reinforced copper laminar composites. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2017;27(8):1747-58.
9
10. Qin YQ, Tian Y, Peng YQ, Luo LM, Zan X, Xu Q, et al. Research status and development trend of preparation technology of ceramic particle dispersion strengthened copper-matrix composites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2020;848:156475.
10
11. Soleimanpour AM, Abachi P, Purazrang K. Wear behaviour ofin situCu–Al2O3composites produced by internal oxidation of as cast alloys. Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces. 2009;3(3):125-31.
11
12. Ying DY, Zhang DL. Processing of Cu–Al2O3 metal matrix nanocomposite materials by using high energy ball milling. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2000;286(1):152-6.
12
13. Xu Q, Zhang X, Han J, He X, Kvanin VL. Combustion synthesis and densification of titanium diboride–copper matrix composite. Materials Letters. 2003;57(28):4439-44.
13
14. Dinaharan I, Sathiskumar R, Murugan N. Effect of ceramic particulate type on microstructure and properties of copper matrix composites synthesized by friction stir processing. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2016;5(4):302-16.
14
15. Sudhakar M, Srinivasa Rao CH, Saheb KM. Production of Surface Composites by Friction Stir Processing-A Review. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2018;5(1):929-35.
15
16. Prakash KS, Thankachan T, Radhakrishnan R. Parametric optimization of dry sliding wear loss of copper–MWCNT composites. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2017;27(3):627-37.
16
17. Jamaati R, Toroghinejad MR. Application of ARB process for manufacturing high-strength, finely dispersed and highly uniform Cu/Al2O3 composite. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2010;527(27-28):7430-5.
17
18. Wang H, Zhang Z-H, Hu Z-Y, Song Q, Yin S-P, Kang Z, et al. Improvement of interfacial interaction and mechanical properties in copper matrix composites reinforced with copper coated carbon nanotubes. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2018;715:163-73.
18
19. Pan Y, Xiao S, Lu X, Zhou C, Li Y, Liu Z, et al. Fabrication, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Al2O3 reinforced Cu/CNTs composites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2019;782:1015-23.
19
20. Ritasalo R, Liua XW, Söderberg O, Keski-Honkola A, Pitkänen V, Hannula SP. The Microstructural Effects on the Mechanical and ThermalProperties of Pulsed Electric Current Sintered Cu-Al2O3 Composites. Procedia Engineering. 2011;10:124-9.
20
21. Zhang X-H, Li X-X, Chen H, Li T-B, Su W, Guo S-D. Investigation on microstructure and properties of Cu–Al2O3 composites fabricated by a novel in-situ reactive synthesis. Materials & Design. 2016;92:58-63.
21
22. Michalski A, Jaroszewicz J, Rosiński M, Siemiaszko D, Kurzydlowski KJ. Nanocrystalline Cu-Al2O3 Composites Sintered by the Pulse Plasma Technique. Solid State Phenomena. 2006;114:227-32.
22
23. Besterci M, Kovac L. Microstructure and properties of Cu-Al2O3 composites prepared by powder metallurgy. International Journal of Materials and Product Technology. 2003;18(1/2/3):26.
23
24. Guo X, Song K, Liang S, Wang X, Zhang Y. Effect of Al2O3Particle Size on Electrical Wear Performance of Al2O3/Cu Composites. Tribology Transactions. 2016;59(1):170-7.
24
25. Mamedov V. Spark plasma sintering as advanced PM sintering method. Powder Metallurgy. 2002;45(4):322-8.
25
26. Dowling NE. Mechanical behavior of materials: engineering methods for deformation, fracture, and fatigue. Prentice-Hall int, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1993.
26
27. Zhang X-h, Li X-x. Characteristics of alumina particles in dispersion-strengthened copper alloys. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials. 2014;21(11):1115-9.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nanostructured high-entropy alloys by mechanical alloying: A review of principles and magnetic properties
The principles and magnetic properties of nanostructured high-entropy alloys (HEAs) processed by mechanical alloying are overviewed. Firstly, the general concepts of HEAs (multi-principal element alloys with ≥5 elements) and phase formation rules are briefly reviewed. Subsequently, the processing of nanocrystalline and amorphous HEAs by mechanical alloying and the effect of high-energy ball milling parameters are summarized. Finally, the magnetic properties of nanostructured HEAs are critically discussed to infer some general rules. In summary, a higher content of ferromagnetic elements (e.g. Fe, Co, and Ni) normally results in a higher saturation magnetization. The as-milled products with solid solution phases show better soft-magnetic properties compared to the fully amorphous phases, and increasing the amount of the amorphous phase decreases the saturation magnetization. The magnetic properties are also influenced by processing (such as sintering) and thermal history through the alteration of phases and crystallite size.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_81964_570948d7b044d0c621ca51bebdb494b6.pdf
2021-06-20
112
120
10.22059/jufgnsm.2021.01.12
High-entropy alloys
Mechanical alloying
Magnetic properties
Nanostructures
Sara
Daryoush
sarad@engineer.com
1
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamed
Mirzadeh
hmirzadeh@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abolghasem
Ataie
aataie@ut.ac.ir
3
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Pandey VK, Shadangi Y, Shivam V, Basu J, Chattopadhyay K, Majumdar B, et al. Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline MgAlMnFeCu Low-Density High-Entropy Alloy. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals. 2020;74(1):33-44.
1
2. Cantor B, Chang ITH, Knight P, Vincent AJB. Microstructural development in equiatomic multicomponent alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2004;375-377:213-8.
2
3. Yeh JW, Chen SK, Lin SJ, Gan JY, Chin TS, Shun TT, et al. Nanostructured High-Entropy Alloys with Multiple Principal Elements: Novel Alloy Design Concepts and Outcomes. Advanced Engineering Materials. 2004;6(5):299-303.
3
4. Takeuchi A, Inoue A. Classification of Bulk Metallic Glasses by Atomic Size Difference, Heat of Mixing and Period of Constituent Elements and Its Application to Characterization of the Main Alloying Element. MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS. 2005;46(12):2817-29.
4
5. Soleimani M, Kalhor A, Mirzadeh H. Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) in advanced steels: A review. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2020;795:140023.
5
6. Vaidya M, Muralikrishna GM, Murty BS. High-entropy alloys by mechanical alloying: A review. Journal of Materials Research. 2019;34(5):664-86.
6
7. High-Entropy Alloys. Springer International Publishing; 2016.
7
8. George EP, Raabe D, Ritchie RO. High-entropy alloys. Nature Reviews Materials. 2019;4(8):515-34.
8
9. Zhang Y, Zhou YJ, Lin JP, Chen GL, Liaw PK. Solid-Solution Phase Formation Rules for Multi-component Alloys. Advanced Engineering Materials. 2008;10(6):534-8.
9
10. Miracle DB, Senkov ON. A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts. Acta Materialia. 2017;122:448-511.
10
11. Pandey VK, Shivam V, Sarma BN, Mukhopadhyay NK. Phase evolution and thermal stability of mechanically alloyed CoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloy. Materials Research Express. 2020;6(12):1265b9.
11
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